# Recording

From Audacity Development Manual
This page provides a detailed description of various ways of controlling recording in Audacity, including how to control where and which track you record in and keyboard shortcut commands.

- If you have not made any recordings in Audacity before, you may want to try the the Audacity tutorial "Your First Recording" which includes step by step details of how to set up your equipment too.

| When making recordings, particular critical recordings, you should consider shutting down all other applications giving Audacity sole use of the computer. This can help to avoid skips, small dropouts, and ticks in your recordings. And on Mac that means fully Quitting them not just closing them, as otherwise Mac will leave them open consuming computer resources.

## Contents

1. Setting up
2. Recording on the same track
3. Recording a new track
   - Continuing recording in a new track
   - Recording a region in a new track
4. Recording for a specific length of time
5. Maximum recording length
6. Punch and Roll recording (for correcting errors)
7. Arming Audacity for recording
8. Dropouts (small skips) in your recording

## Setting up

1. Connect your input source to your computer and verify that you are getting sound into your computer using your computer's sound input control panel or the custom mixer application that came with your particular audio interface.
2. Tell Audacity which source you have selected to record from, use the Audio Setup Toolbar or Audio Settings Preferences.
3. Set the recording level using the input slider on the Recording Meter while watching the indications in the meter. Try to aim for a maximum peak of around minus 6 dB (or 0.5 if you have your meters set to linear rather than dB).

| Enlarging the Recording Meter Meter Toolbar by clicking and dragging the resizer on the right edge of the toolbar helps with this task. See Customizing Toolbar Layout for more details.

To listen to what you are recording you have two options.

- If you computer's sound control panel supports sending the audio input to the computer's audio output then make this setting there.
- If that is not possible, click on Transport > Transport Options > Enable audible input monitoring so that it is checked.

Alternatively, if you are using an external audio interface or mixer you may be able to monitor the signal directly from that device.

For further information on setting up see: Audacity Setup and Configuration.

Detailed step-by-step instructions for setting up for recording are provided in the Your First Recording and the Copying tapes, LPs or MiniDiscs tutorials.

| As soon as you have made a recording it is strongly recommended to use File > Export Audio to export it immediately to WAV or AIFF (ideally to an external drive) as a safety copy before you start editing the project.

## Recording on the same track

This append recording is the default recording behavior in Audacity.

When you click the Record button on Transport Toolbar (or use the shortcut R ) Audacity will record at the end of the currently selected, or only, track, or will create a new track if you currently have no tracks.

This requires that the number of recording channels (mono or stereo) matches the selected track. In other cases, it appends the first track (or adjacent tracks) that support the number of channels being recorded.

When recording like this, at the end of an existing recording, Audacity will place a Clip line at the junction between the two recordings (as in the image below) to aid you in separating them later if required. You can remove the clip line, if not required, simply by clicking on it joining the two clips.

  Stereo track with appended recording showing a Split line at the end of the previous recording, here shown at 51.9 seconds

If you have your cursor positioned beyond the end of the existing track and then press Record, Audacity will start the recording from that cursor position and back-fill to the end of the existing audio with silence.

| Alternatively, instead of stopping the recording, you can click the Pause button to pause recording, or use the P shortcut. To continue recording click which releases the Pause button, or press P.

### Beats and Measures

If you have changed your Timeline to be in Beats and Measures rather than time then the empty track background will add musical gridlines to aid your recording.

### Recording stereo into mono, or mono into stereo

You cannot append record a mono recording to a stereo track. If you try to do this Audacity will create a new mono track for you and the recording will be a pseudo appended recording, with the new mono audio start time being the end of the stereo audio (or the cursor position if that is set beyond the end of the stereo audio).

Similarly you cannot append record a stereo track into a mono track. Audacity will similarly create a new stereo track for the recording. However, if you have two mono tracks and try to append record in stereo, Audacity will place one stereo channel in each mono channel. If you have many mono tracks, you can select two of them and record the left channel in the first and the right channel into the second.

## Recording a new track

If you hold the Shift button down the Record button in Transport Toolbar will temporarily change to . Then clicking on this modified Record button, or using the shortcut Shift + R will cause Audacity to create a new track and begin recording on that track from the current cursor position (or from the left edge of a region on the Timeline).

  Mono track with new track being recording on a new tack below starting at the end of the previous recording (as that is where the cursor was left)

There is no need to create a new track before starting to record. If you want recording to start from the beginning of the project, click the "Skip to Start" button on Transport Toolbar or press the Home shortcut. Press the Stop button (or use its shortcut Space) to Stop the recording.

### Continuing recording in a new track

Instead of stopping the recording with the Stop button or Space, you can stop the recording with the Play / Stop and Set Cursor shortcut X. When you record again using the Shift key modifier to get the record below, recording will start in a new track at the end-position of the track above.

### Recording a region in a new track

If there is no Timeline region or selection, Audacity records until you stop the recording.

To record only the Timeline region in a new track, select the region in any of the existing tracks or the Timeline - see Recording for a specific time below. There is no need for the track containing the region to be selected.

## Recording for a specific length of time

1. Drag-select a region in an existing audio track - or choose the time range to be recorded in Selection Toolbar.
2. Then hold down Shift press the Record New Track button (or use the shortcut Shift + R ) to record in a new track for the duration of the selection you made.

  Mono recording on a new track below for a specific length of time

  Recording for a specific length of time completed

If there is a selection that is entirely beyond the end of all selected tracks, then the recording will start at the beginning of the selection and stop at the end of the selection.

| Ensure that you use the Shift modified Record to make the recording. If you use the ordinary Record then the recording will append record to the end of the track and ignore the selection. Or if you have an empty project and use the Selection Toolbar to make a selection then, with plain Record, Audacity will create a new track starting at the selection start time but it will carry on past the end of the selection until you Stop it.

## Maximum recording length

Audacity does not restrict the maximum recording length beyond the practical limitation that recording takes space on your drive so you can only record while the drive still has space available.

When you start to record, Audacity shows a "Disk space remains for recording" message in the Status Bar at the bottom of the Audacity window giving the current recording time available.

With default Audacity settings, stereo recording takes 1.2 GB of space per hour.

After recording you will still need space to export the recording as an audio file for your computer. Editing the recording before export takes extra space. Each edit of a region requires as much extra disk space as was required to originally record that section.

To get more recording time:

- Delete your old files and folders (especially your old Audacity Project files when you have finished with them)
- Select an alternative drive that has more space in the Directories Preferences (but do not record to an external USB or FireWire disk because recording needs disk access to be as fast as possible)
- Record in mono instead of stereo (settable at "Recording Channels" in Device Toolbar or in Audio Settings Preferences)
- Set the "Default Sample Format" in Audio Settings Preferences to 16-bit instead of 32-bit (this is a good choice for a "quick recording" which you export at once without editing).

See Recording length for more details.

## Punch and Roll recording

- This enables you to to correct errors easily during the course of a recording session.
- You can stop, back up over a mistake, and continue recording, resulting in one track that eliminates the errors and is properly timed, without the use of cutting, pasting, and clip-moving commands, or mixing of multiple tracks.
- You can do rough editing as you go, with minimal interruption of your performance (saving you the trouble and extra work of having to come back later and make the edits).

For details please see Punch and Roll Record

## Arming Audacity for recording

Arming Audacity simply means that you are preparing it for recording, readying it without the recording actually starting.

To arm Audacity:

1. Click the Pause button or its shortcut P
2. Click the Record button or use the shortcut R

Audacity is now armed and ready to record. Note that monitoring in the Recording Meter will have become active, monitoring your input signal:

Adjust the recording volume by clicking and dragging on the slider in the Recording meter. You want the meter to get close to the right-hand edge without hitting it during the loudest parts ( minus6 dB is a good target).

Once you are ready to start recording simply click the Pause button again, or its shortcut P (or the Record button or its shortcut R) and recording will commence immediately.

## Dropouts (small skips) in your recording

Audacity now has dropout detection which is enabled by default. This is controlled from a setting in Recording Preferences called "Detect dropouts".

Dropouts may be caused by a disk drive that cannot keep up with the recording. This can happen, for example, with a slow USB or network drive, or if antivirus software is slowing writing to disk, or if other activity on the computer is slowing the computer down.

You may have been experiencing dropouts and not noticing, they are not discernible while recording only on playback. So Audacity could now appear much worse than previous releases, when in actual fact Audacity is just alerting you to a problem that you previously would not have been aware of - or might have put down to a bad microphone or poor recording technique.

When this setting is "on" (default setting) Audacity will detect dropouts (brief gaps in the recording) and will insert zeroes into the recording to keep the other good parts synchronized.

When recording stops, a message box alerts the user and a label track, called "Dropouts", is added showing the lost parts, labeled with consecutive numbers. This will be an additional new label track if you already have a label track or tracks.

For information on how to prevent dropouts please see this FAQ How can I record without small skips (dropouts) or duplications?.

| If you are certain that your recordings do not suffer from dropouts you may wish to turn this option "off". Audacity makes its best effort to detect dropouts as they occur, but detection may be incomplete for some operating systems and audio hosts.