\documentstyle[twoside,twocolumn]{article} % The cribsheet can be printed at 8 points for people with good eyes \newif\ifsmallcrib %\smallcribtrue % 8 point cribsheet % Fix \LaTeX macro so logo is in current font, not always \rm \newcount\lecurrentfam \def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex \hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX} % Fix \caption macro so that current font is used, not always \normalsize \makeatletter \long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\par \begingroup \@parboxrestore % \normalsize \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par \endgroup} \makeatother % Here are the absolute dimensions for the cribsheet \topmargin 0in \oddsidemargin 0in \evensidemargin 0in \marginparwidth 0in \textheight 9.2in \textwidth 6.5in \ifsmallcrib \columnwidth 3in \columnsep .4in \else \columnwidth 2.85in \columnsep .7in \fi % All the other dimensions are font-dependent \parskip .75ex plus .3ex minus .3ex \pagestyle{myheadings} \markboth{\LaTeX{} Command Summary}{\today} \begin{document} \thispagestyle{empty} \noindent {\large\bf \LaTeX{} Command Summary} \smallskip \begin{flushleft} \hspace*{2em} L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer\\ \hspace*{2em} Space Telescope Science Institute\\ \hspace*{2em} Baltimore, MD\ \ 21218\\[.5ex] \hspace*{2em} \today \end{flushleft} \smallskip \ifsmallcrib \footnotesize \fi \noindent This listing contains short descriptions of the control sequences that are likely to be useful for users of \LaTeX~v2.08 layered on \TeX~v1.3. Some of these commands are \LaTeX{} macros, while others belong to plain \TeX{}; no attempt to differentiate them is made. We would appreciate hearing about errors in the list. \bigskip \raggedright \parindent -1em \verb*"\ " --- ordinary space after period. \verb"\!" --- negative thin space $ = -\frac{1}{6} $ quad; \ifsmallcrib \relax \else \linebreak \fi \verb"xx\!x" yields $xx\!x$ (math mode). \verb.\". makes an umlaut, as \"o. \verb"\#" prints a pound sign: \#. \verb"\$" prints a dollar sign: \$. \verb"\%" prints a percent sign: \%. \verb"\&" prints an ampersand: \&. \verb"\'" in \verb"tabbing" environment moves current column to the right of the previous column. Elsewhere, acute accent, as \'o. \verb"\(" --- start math mode. Same as \verb"\begin{math}" or \verb"$". \verb"\)" --- end math mode. Same as \verb"\end{math}" or \verb"$". \verb"\*" is a discretionary multiplication sign, at which a line break is allowed. \verb"\+" moves left margin to the right by one tab stop. Begin tabbed line. \verb"\," --- thin space $ = \frac{1}{6} $ quad; \verb"xx\,x" yields $xx\,x$. It is not restricted to math mode. \verb"\-" in \verb"tabbing" environment, moves left margin to the left by one tab stop. Elsewhere, optional hyphenation. \verb"\." puts a dot accent over a letter, as \.o. \verb"\/" inserts italics adjustment space. \verb"\:" --- medium space $ = \frac{2}{9} $ quad; \verb"xx\:x" yields $xx\:x$ (math mode). \verb"\;" --- thick space $ = \frac{5}{18} $ quad; \verb"xx\;x" yields $xx\;x$ (math mode). \verb"\<" in \verb"tabbing" environment, puts text to left of local left margin. \verb"\=" in \verb"tabbing" environment, sets a tab stop. Elsewhere, makes a macron accent, as \=o. \verb"\>" in \verb"tabbing" environment is a forward tab. Otherwise, medium space $ = \frac{2}{9}$ quad (math mode). \verb"\@" declares that the period that follows to be a sentence-ending period. \verb"\[" --- same as \verb"\begin{displaymath}" or \verb"$$". \verb"\\" terminates a line. \verb"\\*" terminates a line, but disallows a pagebreak. \verb"\]" --- same as \verb"\end{displaymath}" or \verb"$$". \verb"\^" makes a circumflex, as \^o. \verb"\_" is an underscore, as in {\em hours\_worked}. \verb"\`" in \verb"tabbing" environment moves all text which follows (up to \verb"\\") to the right margin. Elsewhere, grave accent , as \`o. \verb"\{" prints a curly left brace: \{. \verb"\|" is $\|$ (math mode). \verb"\}" prints a curly right brace: \}. \verb"\~" prints a tilde, as \~n. %aaa \verb"\aa" is \aa. \verb"\AA" is \AA. \verb"\acute" makes an acute accent: $\acute a$ (math mode). \verb"\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{name}" adds the command \verb"\contentsline{section}{name}" to the \verb".toc" file. \verb"\addtocontents{toc}{text}" writes \verb"text" to the \verb".toc" file. \verb"\addtocounter{name}{amount}" adds \verb"amount" to counter \verb"name". \verb"\addtolength{\nl}{length}" adds \verb"length" to length command \verb"\nl". See also \verb"\setlength", \verb"\newlength", \verb"\settowidth". \verb"\ae" is \ae. \verb"\AE" is \AE. \verb"\aleph" is $\aleph$ (math mode). \verb"\alph{counter}" makes numbering tokens for \verb"counter" be lower-case letters. \verb"\Alph{counter}" makes tokens upper-case. \verb"\alpha" is $\alpha$ (math mode). \verb"\amalg" is $\amalg$ (math mode). \verb"\and" separates multiple authors for the \verb"\maketitle" command. \verb"\angle" is $\angle$ (math mode). \verb"\appendix" starts appendices. \verb"\approx" is $\approx$ (math mode). \verb"\arabic{counter}" makes numbering tokens for \verb"counter" be arabic numerals 1, 2, etc. \verb"\arccos" is $\arccos$ (math mode). \verb"\arcsin" is $\arcsin$ (math mode). \verb"\arctan" is $\arctan$ (math mode). \verb"\arg" is $\arg$ (math mode). \verb"\arraycolsep" --- width of the space between columns in an \verb"array" environment. \verb"\arrayrulewidth" --- width of the rule created in \verb"tabular" or \verb"array" environment by \verb"|", \verb"\hline", or \verb"\vline". \verb"\ast" is $\ast$ (math mode). \verb"\asymp" is $\asymp$ (math mode). \verb"\author{names}" declares author(s) for the \verb"\maketitle" command. %bbb \verb"\b" is a ``bar-under'' accent, as \b o. \verb"\backslash" is $\backslash$ (math mode). \verb"\bar" puts a macron over a letter: $\bar a$ (math mode). \verb"\baselineskip" --- distance from bottom of one line of a paragraph to bottom of the next line. \verb"\baselinestretch" --- factor by which \verb"baselineskip" is multiplied each time a type size changing command is executed. \verb"\begin{"{\it environment\/}\verb"}" --- always paired with \ifsmallcrib \relax \else \linebreak \fi \verb"\end{"{\it environment\/}\verb"}". Following are the assorted environments. \verb"\begin{abstract}" starts an environment for producing an abstract. \verb"\begin{array}{lrc}" starts array environment with 3 columns, left-justified, right-justified, and centered. Separate columns with \&, and end lines with \verb"\\". \verb"@{text}" between \verb"l", \verb"r" or \verb"c" arguments puts \verb"text" between columns. \verb"\begin{center}" starts an environment in which every line is centered. End lines with \verb"\\". \verb"\begin{description}" starts a labeled list. Items are indicated by \verb"\item[label]". \verb"\begin{displaymath}" sets mathematics on lines of its own. Same as \verb"\[" or \verb"$$". \verb"\begin{document}" starts the actual text of a document. Required. \verb"\begin{enumerate}" starts a numbered list. \verb"\begin{eqnarray}" starts a \verb"displaymath" environment in which more than one equation can be accommodated. Separate equations with \verb"\\" or \verb"\\*"; use \verb"\nonumber" to suppress numbering a particular equation. \verb"\begin{eqnarray*}" begins an environment like the \verb"eqnarray" environment except that the equations aren't numbered. \verb"\begin{equation}" starts a \verb"displaymath" environment and adds an equation number. \verb"\begin{figure}[pos]" begins a floating environment, which may be optionally placed at \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). Document styles \verb"report" and \verb"article" use the default \verb"tbp". \verb"\begin{figure*}[pos]" begins a two-column-wide figure. See \verb"\begin{figure}". \verb"\begin{flushleft}" starts environment with ragged right-hand margin. Separate lines with \verb"\\". See \verb"\raggedright". \verb"\begin{flushright}" starts environment with ragged left-hand margin. Separate lines with \verb"\\". See \verb"\raggedleft". \verb"\begin{itemize}" starts a ``bulleted'' ($\bullet$) list. Start each item with \verb"\item". \verb"\begin{list}{labeling}{spacing}" starts a general list environment. \verb"labeling" specifies how items are labeled when \verb"\item" has no argument. \verb"spacing" is an optional list of spacing parameters. \verb"\begin{math}" starts a math display like this: $x^2 + y^2$, within text. Same as \verb"$". \verb"\begin{minipage}[pos]{vsize}" starts a box of height \verb"vsize". Text will be positioned according to \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). \verb"\begin{picture}"$(x,y)(x_l,y_l)$ starts a picture environment whose width is $x$ units, height is $y$ units, and lower-left corner is the point $(x_l,y_l)$. Set units with \verb"\unitlength". \verb"\begin{quotation}" starts an environment with wider margins, normal paragraph indenting, and offset from the text at top and bottom. \verb"\begin{quote}" starts an environment with wider margins, no paragraph indenting, and offset from the text at top and bottom. \verb"\begin{tabbing}" starts a columnar environment. Use commands \verb"\=" (set tab), \verb"\>" (tab), \verb"\<" (backtab), \verb"\+" (indent one tab stop), \verb"\-" (outdent one tab stop), \verb"\`" (flush right), \verb"\'" (flush left), \verb"\pushtabs", \verb"\poptabs", \verb"\kill", \verb"\\". \verb"\begin{table}[pos]" begins a floating environment, which may be optionally placed at \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). Document styles \verb"report" and \verb"article" use the default \verb"tbp". \verb"\begin{table*}[pos]" begins a two-column-wide table. See \verb"\begin{table}". \verb"\begin{tabular}{arg}" starts an array environment which can be used in or out of math mode. \verb"arg" contains column text positioning commands \verb"r", \verb"l", \verb"c", \verb"@{...}", \verb"p{length}" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). \ifsmallcrib \relax \else \linebreak \fi \verb"|" produces vertical line between columns. \verb"*{7}{r|l|}" repeats that entry 7 times. \verb"\begin{theorem}" --- see \verb"\newtheorem". \verb"\begin{titlepage}" is an environment with no page number, and causes following page to be numbered ``1''. \verb"\begin{verbatim}" starts an environment which will be typeset exactly as you type it, carriage returns and all, usually in \verb"typewriter" font. \verb"\begin{verse}" starts an environment for poetry with wider margins, no paragraph indenting, and ragged right margin. \verb"\beginlistoffigures" produces the heading for the list of figures. \verb"\beginlistoftables" produces the heading for the list of tables. \verb"\begintableofcontents" produces the heading for the table of contents. \verb"\beta" is $\beta$ (math mode). \verb"\bf" switches to {\bf bold face} type. \verb"\bibitem{ref} text" creates a bibliography entry \verb"text", numbers it, and labels it with reference label \verb"ref". \verb"\bibliography{file}" --- insert bibliography from file \verb"name.bib" at this point in text. \verb"\bibliographystyle{style}" --- a format specifier, like \verb"\documentstyle". \verb"\big" makes a large delimiter (as an ordinary variable); \verb"\Big" is slightly larger (math mode). \verb"\bigcap" is $\bigcap$ (math mode). \verb"\bigcirc" is $\bigcirc$ (math mode). \verb"\bigcup" is $\bigcup$ (math mode). \verb"\bigg" makes a large delimiter (as an ordinary variable), slightly larger than \verb"\Big"; \verb"\Bigg" is slightly larger (math mode). \verb"\biggl" opens a large left-hand delimiter, larger than \verb"\Bigl"; \verb"\Biggl" is slightly larger (math mode). \verb"\biggm" indicates a large delimiter in the middle of a formula, larger than \verb"\Bigm"; \verb"\Biggm" is slightly larger (math mode). \verb"\biggr" opens a large right-hand delimiter, larger than \verb"\Bigr"; \verb"\Biggr" is slightly larger (math mode). \verb"\bigl" opens a large left-hand delimiter; \verb"\Bigl" is slightly bigger (math mode). \verb"\bigm" indicates a large delimiter in the middle of a formula; \verb"\Bigm" is slightly bigger (math mode). \verb"\bigodot" is $\bigodot$ (math mode). \verb"\bigoplus" is $\bigoplus$ (math mode). \verb"\bigotimes" is $\bigotimes$ (math mode). \verb"\bigr" opens a large right-hand delimiter; \verb"\Bigr" is slightly bigger (math mode). \verb"\bigtriangledown" is $\bigtriangledown$ (math mode). \verb"\bigtriangleup" is $\bigtriangleup$ (math mode). \verb"\bigskip" --- vertical space \verb"\bigskipamount"; big skip between paragraphs (cf.\ \verb"\smallskip" and \verb"\medskip"). \verb"\bigskipamount" --- default length for \verb"\bigskip". \verb"\bigsqcup" is $\bigsqcup$ (math mode). \verb"\biguplus" is $\biguplus$ (math mode). \verb"\bigvee" is $\bigvee$ (math mode). \verb"\bigwedge" is $\bigwedge$ (math mode). \verb"\boldmath" changes math italics and math symbols to boldface. Should be used {\em outside} of math mode. \verb"\bot" is $\bot$ (math mode). \verb"\bottomfraction" --- maximum fraction of page occupied by floats at the bottom. \verb"\bowtie" is $\bowtie$ (math mode). \verb"\Box" is $\Box$ (math mode). \verb"\breve" makes a breve accent: $\breve a$ (math mode). \verb"\bullet" is $\bullet$ (math mode). %ccc \verb"\c" is a cedilla, as \c c. \verb"\cap" is $\cap$ (math mode). \verb"\caption[loftitle]{text}" creates a numbered caption in a \verb"figure" or \verb"table" environment. Optional \verb"loftitle" contains entry for the list of figures if different from \verb"text". \verb"\cdot" is $\cdot$ (math mode). \verb"\cdots" makes three dots centered on the line: $\cdots$ (cf.\ \verb"\ldots") (math mode). \verb"\centering" declares that all text following is to be centered (cf.\ \verb"\begin{center}"). \verb"\chapter[toctitle]{text}" begins a new section, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\chapter*{title}" is like \verb"\chapter{title}", but adds no chapter number or table of contents entry. \verb"\check" makes a h\'a\v cek, as $\check a$ (math mode). \verb"\chi" is $\chi$ (math mode). \verb"\circ" is $\circ$ (math mode). \verb"\circle{diameter}" as a valid argument for \verb"\put" in a \verb"picture" environment, draws a circle. \verb"\circle*{diameter}" is like \verb"\circle", but draws a solid circle. \verb"\cite[subcit]{ref}" produces a reference, in square brackets, to a bibliographic item created with \verb"\bibitem{ref}". optional sub-citation \verb"subcit" can be inserted in the entry. \verb"\cleardoublepage" forces next page to be a right-hand, odd-numbered page. \verb"\clearpage" ends a page where it is, and puts pending figures or tables on separate float pages with no text. \verb"\cline{i-j}" draws a horizontal line across columns \verb"i" through \verb"j" inclusive in \verb"array" or \verb"tabular" environments. \verb"\clubsuit" is $\clubsuit$ (math mode). \verb"\columnsep" --- distance between columns in two-column text. \verb"\columnseprule" --- width of the rule between columns on two-column pages. \verb"\columnwidth" --- width of the current column. Equals \verb"\textwidth" in single-column text. \verb"\cong" is $\cong$ (math mode). \verb"\contentsline{sectyp}{...{num}title}{page}" is the command inserted into the \verb".toc" file for a table of contents entry. \verb"\coprod" is $\coprod$ (math mode). \verb"\copyright" is \copyright. \verb"\cos" is $\cos$ (math mode). \verb"\cosh" is $\cosh$ (math mode). \verb"\cot" is $\cot$ (math mode). \verb"\coth" is $\coth$ (math mode). \verb"\csc" is $\csc$ (math mode). \verb"\cup" is $\cup$ (math mode). %ddd \verb"\d" is a ``dot under'' accent, as \d o. \verb"\dag" is \dag. \verb"\dagger" is $\dagger$ (math mode). \verb"\dashbox{dwid}(width,height)[pos]{text}" creates a dashed rectangle around \verb"text" in a \verb"picture" environment. Dashes are \verb"dwid" units wide; dimensions of rectangle are \verb"width" and \verb"height"; text is positioned at optional \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions"\ on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). \verb"\dashv" is $\dashv$ (math mode). \verb"\date{adate}" declares the date for the \verb"\maketitle" command. The default is \verb"\today". \verb"\day" --- current day of the month. \verb"\dblfloatpagefraction" --- minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats, for two-column float pages. \verb"\dblfloatsep" --- distance between floats at the top or bottom of a two-column float page. \verb"\dbltextfloatset" --- distance between double-width floats at the top or bottom of a two-column page, and the text on that page. \verb"\ddag" is \ddag. \verb"\ddagger" is $\ddagger$ (math mode). \verb"\ddot" makes a dieresis over a letter: $\ddot a$ (math mode). \verb"\deg" is $\deg$ (math mode). \verb"\delimiterfactor" --- ratio for variable delimiters, times 1000. \verb"\delta" is $\delta$; \verb"\Delta" is $\Delta$ (math mode). \verb"\det" is $\det$ (math mode). \verb"\diamond" is $\diamond$. \verb"\Diamond" is $\Diamond$ (both math mode). \verb"\diamondsuit" is $\diamondsuit$ (math mode). \verb"\dim" is $\dim$ (math mode). \verb"\displaystyle" switches to \verb"displaymath" or \verb"equation" environment typesetting. \verb"\div" is $\div$ (math mode). \verb"\documentstyle[substy]{sty}" determines default font, headings, etc. for document of style \verb"sty" (and optional substyle \verb"substy") Styles: \verb"report", \verb"article", \verb"letter", \verb"slides". Substyles: \verb"11pt", \verb"12pt", \verb"twocolumn", \verb"twoside", \verb"\fleqn", \verb"\draft", \verb"acm", \verb"leqno" . \verb"\dot" makes a dot over a letter: $\dot a$ (math mode). \verb"\doteq" is $\doteq$ (math mode). \verb"\dotfill" expands to fill horizontal space with row of dots. \verb"\doublerulesep" --- horizontal distance between vertical rules created by \verb"||" in \verb"tabular" or \verb"array" environment. \verb"\downarrow" is $\downarrow$; \verb"\Downarrow" is $\Downarrow$ (math mode). %eee \verb"\ell" is $\ell$ (math mode). \verb"\em" toggles between roman and {\em italic} fonts for {\em emphasis}. \verb"\emptyset" is $\emptyset$ (math mode). \verb"\end{"{\it environment\/}\verb"}" ends an environment begun by \verb"\begin{"{\it environment\/}\verb"}" (q.v.). \verb"\epsilon" is $\epsilon$ (math mode). \verb"\equiv" is $\equiv$ (math mode). \verb"\eta" is $\eta$ (math mode). \verb"\evensidemargin" --- distance between left side of page and text's normal left margin, for even-numbered pages in two-sided printing. \verb"\exists" is $\exists$ (math mode). \verb"\exp" is $\exp$ (math mode). %fff \verb"\fbox{text}" makes a \fbox{framed box} around \verb"text". \verb"\fboxrule" --- thickness of ruled frame for \verb"\fbox" and \verb"\framebox". \verb"\fboxsep" --- space between frame and text for \verb"\fbox" and \verb"\framebox". \verb"\flat" is $\flat$ (math mode). \verb"\floatpagefraction" --- minimum fraction of a float page occupied by floats. \verb"\floatsep" --- distance between floats that appear at the top or bottom of a text page. \verb"\flushbottom" causes pages to be stretched to \verb"textheight". \verb"\fnsymbol{counter}" makes numbering tokens for \verb"counter" be ``footnote symbols''. \verb"\footheight" --- height of box at bottom of page that holds page number. \verb"\footnote{text}" creates a footnote of \verb"text". \verb"\footnotemark" puts a footnote number into the text. \verb"\footnotesep" --- height of strut placed at beginning of footnote. \verb"\footnotesize" switches to footnote-sized type. \verb"\footskip" --- vertical distance between bottom of last line of text and bottom of page footing. \verb"\footnotetext{text}" specifies the text for a footnote which was indicated by a \verb"\footnotemark". \verb"\forall" is $\forall$ (math mode). \verb"\frac{numerator}{denominator}" produces a fraction in \verb"math" environments. \verb"\frame{text}" makes a framed (outlined) box around \verb"text", with no margin between the text and the frame. \verb"\framebox[size][pos]{text}" produces a \fbox{framed box} of dimension \verb"size" containing \verb"text", optionally \verb"pos"itioned \verb"l" or \verb"r". \ifsmallcrib \relax \else \linebreak \fi In \verb"picture" environment, \verb"\framebox(width,height)[pos]{text}" creates a rectangle around \verb"text"; dimensions of rectangle are \verb"width" and \verb"height"; text is positioned at optional \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). \verb"\frown" is $\frown$ (math mode). \verb"\fussy" is the default declaration for the line-breaking algorithm. Opposite is \verb"\sloppy". %ggg \verb"\gamma" is $\gamma$; \verb"\Gamma" is $\Gamma$ (math mode). \verb"\gcd" is $\gcd$ (math mode). \verb"\ge" is $\ge$ (math mode). \verb"\geq" is $\geq$ (math mode). \verb"\gets" is $\gets$ (math mode). \verb"\gg" is $\gg$ (math mode). \verb"\glossary{text}" appends \verb"text" to the \verb".glo" file by writing a \verb"\glossaryentry" command. \verb"\glossaryentry{text}{ref}" is written to the \verb".glo" file for \verb"\glossary{text}" occuring at reference \verb"ref". \verb"\grave" makes a grave accent: $\grave a$ (math mode). %hhh \verb"\H" prints a long Hungarian umlaut, as \H o. \verb"\hat" makes a circumflex: $\hat a$ (math mode). \verb"\hbar" is $\hbar$ (math mode). \verb"\head{text}" defines headings for the \verb"myheadings" page style. \verb"\headheight" --- height of box at top of page that holds running head. \verb"\headsep" --- vertical distance between bottom of head and top of text. \verb"\heartsuit" is $\heartsuit$ (math mode). \verb"\hfill" expands to fill horizontal space available. \verb"\hline" draws a horizontal line across all columns of a \verb"tabular" or \verb"array" environment. \verb"\hom" is $\hom$ (math mode). \verb"\hookleftarrow" is $\hookleftarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\hookrightarrow" is $\hookrightarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\hrulefill" expands to fill horizontal space with horizontal rule. \verb"\hspace{len}" leaves a horizontal space of dimension \verb"len". \verb"\hspace*{len}" is like \verb"\hspace{len}" but is not removed at the end of a line. \verb"\huge" switches to a very large typeface. \verb"\hyphenation{wordlist}" declares hyphenation as indicated; \verb"wordlist" contains words separated by spaces, with hyphens indicated (e.g. ``\verb"aard-vark cal-i-bra-tion"''). %iii \verb"\i" is \i. \verb"\iff" is $\iff$ (math mode). \verb"\Im" is $\Im$ (math mode). \verb"\imath" is $\imath$ (math mode). \verb"\in" is $\in$ (math mode). \verb"\include{filename}" brings in \verb"filename" text at that point. \verb"\includeonly{file1,file2,...}" limits recognition of \verb"\include" files. \verb"\index{text}" appends \verb"text" to the \verb".idx" file by writing an \verb"\indexentry" command. \verb"\indexentry{text}{ref}" is written to the \verb".idx" file for \verb"\index{text}" occuring at reference \verb"ref". \verb"\indexspace" puts blank space before first index entry starting with a new letter. \verb"\inf" is $\inf$ (math mode). \verb"\infty" is $\infty$ (math mode). \verb"\input{file}" brings in text from \verb"file.tex" at that point. \verb"\int" is $\int$ (math mode). \verb"\intextsep" --- vertical space placed above and below float in middle of text. \verb"\iota" is $\iota$ (math mode). \verb"\it" switches to {\it Italic\/} type. \verb"\item[text]" indicates a list entry. \verb"text" is optional, used in \verb"description" environment. \verb"\itemindent" --- extra indentation before label in list item. Default is \verb"0mm". \verb"\itemsep" --- vertical space between successive list items. %jjj \verb"\j" is \j. \verb"\jmath" is $\jmath$ (math mode). \verb"\Join" is $\Join$ (math mode). %kkk \verb"\kappa" is $\kappa$ (math mode). \verb"\ker" is $\ker$ (math mode). \verb"\kill" --- in a \verb"\tabbing" environment, deletes previous line so tabs can be set without outputting text. %lll \verb"\l" is \l. \verb"\L" is \L. \verb"\label{text}" provides a reference point that is accessed with \verb"\ref{text}" or \verb"\pageref{text}". \verb"\labelwidth" --- width of box containing list item label. \verb"\lambda" is $\lambda$; \verb"\Lambda" is $\Lambda$ (math mode). \verb"\land" is $\land$ (math mode). \verb"\langle" is $\langle$ (math mode). \verb"\large", \verb"\Large", and \verb"\LARGE" switch to successively larger than \verb"\normalsize" type sizes. \verb"\lbrace" is $\lbrace$ (math mode). \verb"\lbrack" is $\lbrack$ (math mode). \verb"\lceil" is $\lceil$ (math mode). \verb"\ldots" makes three dots at the base of the line: \ldots (cf.\ \verb"\cdots"). \verb"\le" is $\le$ (math mode). \verb"\leadsto" is $\leadsto$ (math mode). \verb"\left*" (where \verb"*" is a delimiter) must be paired with \verb"\right*" (not necessarily using the same delimiter). `.' acts as a null delimiter (math mode). \verb"\leftarrow" is $\leftarrow$. \verb"\Leftarrow" is $\Leftarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\leftharpoondown" is $\leftharpoondown$ (math mode). \verb"\leftmargin", in \verb"list" environment, horizontal distance between left margin of enclosing environment and left margin of list. Settable for nesting levels 1 through 6, as \verb"\leftmargini" through \verb"\leftmarginvi". \verb"\leftharpoonup" is $\leftharpoonup$ (math mode). \verb"\leftrightarrow" is $\leftrightarrow$. \verb"\Leftrightarrow" is $\Leftrightarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\leq" is $\leq$ (math mode). \verb"\lfloor" is $\lfloor$ (math mode). \verb"\lg" is $\lg$ (math mode). \verb"\lhd" is $\lhd$ (math mode). \verb"\lim" is $\lim$ (math mode). \verb"\liminf" is $\liminf$ (math mode). \verb"\limsup" is $\limsup$ (math mode). \verb"\line(x,y){len}" in \verb"picture" environment, in \verb"\put" command, draws line from \verb"\put" argument with length \verb"len" and slope \verb"(x,y)". \verb"\linebreak[n]" forces a line to break exactly at this point, and adjusts line just terminated (cf.\ \verb"newline"). \verb"n" is optional: 0 is an optional break, 4 is a mandatory break, 1, 2 and 3 are intermediate levels of insistency. \label{break-ref} \verb"\linethickness{dimen}" sets the thickness for all lines in a \verb"picture". \verb"\linewidth" is the width of the current line in a paragraph. \verb"\listoffigures" begins a list of figures with heading. \verb"\listoftables" begins a list of tables with heading. \verb"\listparindent" --- extra indentation added to first line of every paragraph of an item after the first, in \verb"list" environment. \verb"\ll" is $\ll$ (math mode). \verb"\ln" is $\ln$ (math mode). \verb"\lnot" is $\lnot$ (math mode). \verb"\log" is $\log$ (math mode). \verb"\longleftarrow" is $\longleftarrow$; \verb"\Longleftarrow" is $\Longleftarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\longleftrightarrow" is $\longleftrightarrow$; \verb"\Longleftrightarrow" is $\Longleftrightarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\longmapsto" is $\longmapsto$ (math mode). \verb"\longrightarrow" is $\longrightarrow$; \verb"\Longrightarrow" is $\Longrightarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\lor" is $\lor$ (math mode). \verb"\lq" is a left-quote: \lq. %mmm \verb"\makebox[size][pos]{text}" creates a box of dimension \verb"size" containing \verb"text" at optional \verb"pos". \verb"\makebox(width,height)[pos]{text}" puts \verb"text" in a box; dimensions of box are \verb"width" and \verb"height"; \verb"text" is positioned at optional \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). \verb"\makeglossary" enables writing of \verb"\glossaryentry" commands to a \verb".glo" file. \verb"\makeindex" enables writing of \verb"\indexentry" commands to a \verb".idx" file. \verb"\maketitle" produces a title with \verb"\title", \verb"\author", and, optionally, \verb"\date". \verb"\mapsto" is $\mapsto$ (math mode). \verb"\marginpar{text}" puts \verb"text" in the margin as a note. \verb"\marginparpush" --- minimum amount of vertical space between two marginal notes. \verb"\marginparsep" --- horizontal space between margin and marginal note. \verb"\marginparwidth" --- width of a marginal note. \verb"\markboth{lhd}{rhd}" defines the left-hand heading \verb"lhd" and the right-hand heading \verb"rhd" for the \verb"headings" and \verb"myheadings" page styles. \verb"\markright{rhd}" defines the right-hand heading \verb"rhd" for the \verb"headings" and \verb"myheadings" page styles. \verb"\max" is $\max$ (math mode). \verb"\mbox{text}" places \verb"text" into a horizontal box. \verb"\medskip" --- vertical space \verb"\medskipamount"; medium skip between paragraphs (cf.\ \verb"\smallskip" and \verb"\bigskip"). \verb"\medskipamount" --- default length for \verb"\medskip". \verb"\mho" is $\mho$ (math mode). \verb"\mid" is $\mid$ (math mode). \verb"\min" is $\min$ (math mode). \verb"\mit" is ``math italic'' as in ${\mit \Pi}$ (math mode). \verb"\models" is $\models$ (math mode). \verb"\month" --- current month of the year. \verb"\mp" is $\mp$ (math mode). \verb"\mu" is $\mu$ (math mode). \verb"\multicolumn{noc}{fmt}{text}" in \verb"tabular" environment puts \verb"text" across \verb"noc" columns using positioning format \verb"fmt" (\verb"c", \verb"r", \verb"l", and/or \verb"|"). \verb"\multiput("$x,y$\verb")("$\Delta x,\Delta y$\verb"){n}{obj}" is \ifsmallcrib \relax \else \linebreak \fi \verb"\put("$x,y$\verb"){obj}" \newline \verb"\put("$x+\Delta x,y+\Delta y$\verb"){obj}" \newline $\cdots$\newline \verb"\put("$x+(n-1)\Delta x,y+(n-1)\Delta y$\verb"){obj}". %nnn \verb"\nabla" is $\nabla$ (math mode). \verb"\natural" is $\natural$ (math mode). \verb"\ne" is $\ne$ (math mode). \verb"\nearrow" is $\nearrow$ (math mode). \verb"\neg" is $\neg$ (math mode). \verb"\neq" is $\neq$ (math mode). \verb"\newcommand{\cs}[narg]{def}" defines a new control sequence \verb"\cs" with definition \verb"def". Optionally, \verb"narg" is the number of arguments, indicated in \verb"def" as \verb"#1", \verb"#2", etc.. \verb"\newcounter{counter}[name]" defines a \verb"counter" optionally to be zeroed whenever the \verb"name" counter is incremented. \verb"\newenvironment{envname}[narg]{def1}{def2}" defines a new environment, optionally with some number of arguments \verb"narg". \verb"def1" is executed when the environment in entered and \verb"def2" is executed when it is exited. \verb"\newfont{cs}{name}" defines a control sequence \verb"\cs" that chooses the font \verb"name". \verb"\newlength{\nl}" sets up \verb"\nl" as a length of \verb"0in". See also \verb"\setlength", \verb"\addtolength", \verb"\settowidth". \verb"\newline" breaks a line right where it is, with no stretching of terminated line (cf.\ \verb"\linebreak"). \verb"\newpage" ends a page where it appears. (cf.\ \verb"\clearpage"). \verb"\newsavebox{\binname}" declares a new \verb"bin" to hold a \verb"\savebox". \verb"\newtheorem{env}[env2]{label}[sectyp]" defines a new theorem environment \verb"env" (optionally with the same numbering scheme as environment \verb"env2") with labels \verb"label". Optionally, theorem numbers can be related to document section \verb"sectyp". \verb"\ni" is $\ni$ (math mode). \verb"\nofiles" suppresses writing of auxiliary files \verb".idx", \verb".toc", etc.. \verb"\noindent" suppresses indentation of first line of paragraph. \verb"\nolinebreak[n]" prevents a line break at that point (cf.\ \verb"\linebreak" on page~\pageref{break-ref}). \verb"\nonumber" is used in an \verb"eqnarray" environment to suppress equation numbering. \verb"\nopagebreak[n]" prevents a page break at that point (cf.\ \verb"\linebreak" on page~\pageref{break-ref}). \verb"\normalmarginpar" is default declaration for placement of marginal notes (cf.\ \verb"\reversemarginpar"). \verb"\normalsize" is the default type size for the document. \verb"\not" puts a slash through a relational operator: \verb"\not=" is $\not=$ (math mode). \verb"\notin" is $\notin$ (math mode). \verb"\nu" is $\nu$ (math mode). \verb"\nwarrow" is $\nwarrow$ (math mode). %ooo \verb"\o" is \o. \verb"\O" is \O. \verb"\obeycr" makes embedded carriage returns act like line terminators. \verb"\oddsidemargin" --- distance between left side of page and text's normal left margin. \verb"\odot" is $\odot$ (math mode). \verb"\oe" is \oe. \verb"\OE" is \OE. \verb"\oint" is $\oint$ (math mode). \verb"\omega" is $\omega$; \verb"\Omega" is $\Omega$ (math mode). \verb"\ominus" is $\ominus$ (math mode). \verb"\onecolumn" sets text in single column (default) (cf.\ \verb"\twocolumn". \verb"\oplus" is $\oplus$ (math mode). \verb"\oslash" is $\oslash$ (math mode). \verb"\otimes" is $\otimes$ (math mode). \verb"\oval(x,y)" as an argument to \verb"\put" draws an oval x units wide and y units high. \verb"\overbrace{text}" gives $\overbrace{text}$ (math mode). \verb"\overline{text}" gives $\overline{text}$ (math mode). \verb"\owns" is $\owns$ (math mode). %ppp \verb"\P" is \P. \verb"\pagebreak[n]" forces a page break at that point (cf.\ \verb"\linebreak" on page~\pageref{break-ref}). \verb"\pagenumbering{style}" determines page number style; \verb"style" may be \verb"arabic" (3), \verb"roman" (iii), \verb"Roman" (III), \verb"alph" (c), \verb"Alph" (C). \verb"\pageref{text}" is the page number on which \verb"\label{text}" occurs. \verb"\pagestyle{sty}" determines characteristics of a page's head and foot. \verb"sty" may be \verb"plain" (page number only), \verb"empty" (no page number), \verb"headings" (running headings on each page), \verb"myheadings" (heading determined by \verb"\head{text}"). \verb"\paragraph[toctitle]{text}" begins a new paragraph, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\paragraph*{text}" begins a paragraph and prints a title, but doesn't include a number or make a table of contents entry. \verb"\parallel" is $\parallel$ (math mode). \verb"\parbox[pos]{size}{text}" is a box created in paragraph mode. Text is positioned optionally at \verb"pos" (see \verb"positions" on page~\pageref{pos-ref}). Width is \verb"size". \verb"\parindent" --- horizontal indentation added at beginning of paragraph. \verb"\parsep" --- extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item. \verb"\parskip" --- extra vertical space between paragraphs, normally. \verb"\parstretch" --- vertical stretch between paragraphs and list items. Normally zero. \verb"\part[toctitle]{text}" begins a new part, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\part*{text}" begins a part and prints a title, but doesn't include a number or make a table of contents entry. \verb"\partial" is $\partial$ (math mode). \verb"\perp" is $\perp$ (math mode). \verb"\phi" is $\phi$; \verb"\Phi" is $\Phi$ (math mode). \verb"\pi" is $\pi$; \verb"\Pi" is $\Pi$ (math mode). \verb"\pm" is $\pm$ (math mode). \verb"\poptabs" undoes the previous \verb"\pushtabs" command (restore prior tab settings). \verb"positions", for boxing commands: \verb"t"=top, \verb"b"=bottom, \verb"h"=here, \verb"l"=left, \verb"c"=center, \verb"r"=right, \verb"p"=new page (\verb"figure" environment), \verb"p"=parbox (\verb"tabular" environment), . \label{pos-ref} \verb"\pounds" is \pounds. \verb"\Pr" is $\Pr$ (math mode). \verb"\prec" is $\prec$ (math mode). \verb"\preceq" is $\preceq$ (math mode). \verb"\prime" is $\prime$ (math mode). \verb"\prod" is $\prod$ (math mode). \verb"\propto" is $\propto$ (math mode). \verb"\protect" permits the use of ``dangerous'' commands in \verb"@"-expressions, or in sectioning command and \verb"\caption" arguments. \verb"\psi" is $\psi$; \verb"\Psi" is $\Psi$ (math mode). \verb"\pushtabs" in \verb"tabbing" environment lets you stack tab stop definitions. Undo with \verb"\poptabs". \verb"\put(x,y){stuff}" is the basic picture-drawing command. \verb"(x,y)" is the {\em reference point}, whose meaning varies for different \verb"stuff". \verb"stuff" may be anything that goes in an \verb"\mbox". %rrr \verb"\raggedbottom" causes pages to assume natural height. \verb"\raggedleft" declares all text that follows is to be flush against the right margin (cf.\ \verb"\begin{flushright}"). \verb"\raggedright" declares all text that follows is to be flush against the left margin (cf.\ \verb"\begin{flushleft}"). \verb"\raisebox{dim}[d2][d3]{text}" moves \verb"text" up by \verb"dim" (which may be negative). Optional \verb"d2" makes system think that \verb"text" extends \verb"d2" above the baseline (and optionally \verb"d3" below it). \verb"\rangle" is $\rangle$ (math mode). \verb"\rbrace" is $\rbrace$ (math mode). \verb"\rbrack" is $\rbrack$ (math mode). \verb"\rceil" is $\rceil$ (math mode). \verb"\Re" is $\Re$ (math mode). \verb"\ref{text}" is the section number in which \verb"\label{text}" occurs. \verb"\renewcommand{\cs}[narg]{def}" redefines an old control sequence \verb"\cs" with definition \verb"def". Optionally, \verb"narg" is the number of arguments, indicated in \verb"def" as \verb"#1", \verb"#2", etc.. \verb"\renewenvironment{envname}[narg]{def1}{def2}" redefines an old new environment. See \verb"\newenvironment". \verb"\restorecr" undoes the \verb"\obeycr" command (makes carriage return a space-producing character). \verb"\reversemarginpar" causes opposite margin to be used for marginal notes (e.g., left margin on odd-numbered pages). \verb"\rfloor" is $\rfloor$ (math mode). \verb"\rhd" is $\rhd$ (math mode). \verb"\rho" is $\rho$ (math mode). \verb"\right*" (where \verb"*" is a delimiter) must be paired with \verb"\left*" (not necessarily using the same delimiter). `.' acts as a null delimiter (math mode). \verb"\rightarrow" is $\rightarrow$. \verb"\Rightarrow" is $\Rightarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\rightharpoondown" is $\rightharpoondown$ (math mode). \verb"\rightharpoonup" is $\rightharpoonup$ (math mode). \verb"\rightleftharpoons" is $\rightleftharpoons$ (math mode). \verb"\rightmargin" --- in \verb"list" environment, horizontal distance between right margin of enclosing environment and right margin of list. Default \verb"0in". \verb"\rm" switches to {\rm Roman} type. \verb"\roman{counter}" makes numbering tokens for \verb"counter" be lower-case roman numerals. \verb"\Roman{counter}" gives upper-case roman numerals. \verb"\rq" is a right-quote: \rq. \verb"\rule[height]{length}{width}" makes a rectangular blob of ink \verb"length" long, \verb"width" wide, with optional \verb"height" above baseline. %sss \verb"\S" is \S. \verb"\savebox{\binname}[width][pos]{text}" is exactly like \verb"\makebox" (q.v.), but saves box definition in bin \verb"\binname". Access with \verb"\usebox{\binname}". \verb"\sbox{\binname}{text}" saves \verb"text" in box \verb"\binname" (see \verb"\savebox", above.). \verb"\sc" switches to caps and small caps font. \verb"\scriptscriptstyle" switches to second-level (very small) sub- or superscript-sized typesetting. \verb"\scriptsize" switches subscript size type. \verb"\scriptstyle" switches to sub- or superscript-sized typesetting. \verb"\searrow" is $\searrow$ (math mode). \verb"\sec" is $\sec$ (math mode). \verb"\section[toctitle]{text}" begins a new section, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\section*{text}" begins a section, prints a title, but doesn't include a number or make a table of contents entry. \verb"\setcounter{counter}{value}" resets the value of \verb"counter". \verb"\setlength{\nl}{length}" sets value of length command \verb"\nl" to \verb"length". See also \verb"\addtolength", \verb"\newlength", \verb"\settowidth". \verb"\setminus" is $\setminus$ (math mode). \verb"\settowidth{\nl}{text}" sets value of length command \verb"\nl" to the width of \verb"text". See also \verb"\setlength", \verb"\newlength", \verb"\addtolength". \verb"\sf" switches to {\sf sans serif} font. \verb"\sharp" is $\sharp$ (math mode). \verb"\shortstack[pos]{x\\yy\\zzz}" yields \shortstack{x\\yy\\zzz}, a one-column tabular arrangement of its arguments. Optional \verb"pos" can be \verb"l" or \verb"r" for text position. \verb"\sigma" is $\sigma$; \verb"\Sigma" is $\Sigma$ (math mode). \verb"\sim" is $\sim$ (math mode). \verb"\simeq" is $\simeq$ (math mode). \verb"\sin" is $\sin$ (math mode). \verb"\sinh" is $\sinh$ (math mode). \verb"\sl" switches to {\sl slanted\/} typeface. \verb"\sloppy" relaxes the line-breaking algorithm to allow more or less distance between words. (See \verb"\fussy"). \verb"\small" switches to smaller than \verb"normalsize" typeface. \verb"\smallint" is $\smallint$ (math mode). \verb"\smallskip" --- vertical space \verb"\smallskipamount"; small skip between paragraphs (cf.\ \verb"\medskip" and \verb"\bigskip"). \verb"\smallskipamount" --- default length for \verb"\smallskip". \verb"\smile" is $\smile$ (math mode). \verb"\spadesuit" is $\spadesuit$ (math mode). \verb"\sqcap" is $\sqcap$ (math mode). \verb"\sqcup" is $\sqcup$ (math mode). \verb"\sqrt[3]{arg}" is $\sqrt[3]{arg}$. \verb"3" (root) is optional. \verb"\sqsubset" is $\sqsubset$ (math mode). \verb"\sqsubseteq" is $\sqsubseteq$ (math mode). \verb"\sqsupset" is $\sqsupset$ (math mode). \verb"\sqsupseteq" is $\sqsupseteq$ (math mode). \verb"\ss" is \ss. \verb"\stackrel{stuff}{delim}" puts \verb"stuff" above the \verb"delim"iter; \verb"\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}"\ yields $\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}$ (math mode). \verb"\star" is $\star$ (math mode). \verb"\stop" --- type this if \TeX{} stops with a \verb"*" and no error message. \verb"\subparagraph[toctitle]{text}" begins a subparagraphs, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\subparagraph*{text}" begins a subparagraph and prints a title, but doesn't include a number or make a table of contents entry. \verb"\subsection[toctitle]{text}", \verb"\subsubsection[toctitle]{text}" begin new subsections, automatically headed and numbered. Optional \verb"toctitle" contains entry for the table of contents if different from \verb"text". \verb"\subsection*{text}", \verb"\subsubsection*{text}" begin subsections, but suppress section number and table of contents entry. \verb"\subset" is $\subset$ (math mode). \verb"\subseteq" is $\subseteq$ (math mode). \verb"\succ" is $\succ$ (math mode). \verb"\succeq" is $\succeq$ (math mode). \verb"\sum" is $\sum$ (math mode). \verb"\sup" is $\sup$ (math mode). \verb"\supset" is $\supset$ (math mode). \verb"\supseteq" is $\supseteq$ (math mode). \verb"\surd" is $\surd$ (math mode). \verb"\swarrow" is $\swarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\symbol{cc}" produces the symbol (glyph) character code \verb"cc" in the current font. %ttt \verb"\t" prints a ``tie-after'' accent, as \t oo. \verb"\tabbingsep" --- distance to left of a tab stop moved by \verb"\'". \verb"\tabcolsep" --- half the width of the space between columns in \verb"tabular" environment. \verb"\tableofcontents" produces a table of contents. A \verb".toc" file must have been generated during a previous \LaTeX{} run. \verb"\tan" is $\tan$ (math mode). \verb"\tanh" is $\tanh$ (math mode). \verb"\tau" is $\tau$ (math mode). \verb"\textstyle" switches to \verb"math" environment typesetting. \verb"\thanks{footnote}" adds an acknowledgement footnote to an author's name used in a \verb"\maketitle" command. \verb"\theta" is $\theta$; \verb"\Theta" is $\Theta$ (math mode). \verb"\thicklines" is an alternate line thickness for lines in a \verb"picture" environment. See also \verb"linethickness". \verb"\thinlines" is the default declaration for line thicknesses in a \verb"picture" environment. See \verb"\thicklines". \verb"\thinspace" is the proper space between single and double quotes, as in '\thinspace''. \verb"\tilde" makes a tilde, as: $\tilde a$ (math mode). \verb"\times" is $\times$ (math mode). \verb"\title{text}" declares a document title for the \verb"\maketitle" command. \verb"\to" is $\to$ (math mode). \verb"\today" generates today's date. \verb"\top" is $\top$ (math mode). \verb"\triangle" is $\triangle$ (math mode). \verb"\triangleleft" is $\triangleleft$ (math mode). \verb"\triangleright" is $\triangleright$ (math mode). \verb"\tt" switches to {\tt typewriter} type. \verb"\twocolumn[text]" declares a two-column page, with optional full-page width heading \verb"text". \verb"\typein[\cs]{text}" displays \verb"text" on the screen and waits for you to enter stuff which will be put in the document at that point. Optional control sequence \verb"\cs" can be assigned the value of your input, to be used later. \verb"\typeout{text}" displays \verb"text" on the screen and writes it to the \verb".lis" file. %uuu \verb"\u" prints a breve accent, as \u o. \verb"\unboldmath" unemboldens math italics and math symbols. Should be used {\em outside} of math mode. \verb"\underbrace{text}" gives $\underbrace{text}$ (math mode). \verb"\underline{text}" gives \underline{text} (math mode or not). \verb"\unitlength" --- length of coordinate units for \verb"picture" environment. \verb"\unlhd" is $\unlhd$ (math mode). \verb"\unrhd" is $\unrhd$ (math mode). \verb"\uparrow" is $\uparrow$; \verb"\Uparrow" is $\Uparrow$ (math mode). \verb"\updownarrow" is $\updownarrow$; \verb"\Updownarrow" is $\Updownarrow$ (math mode). \verb"\uplus" is $\uplus$ (math mode). \verb"\upsilon" is $\upsilon$; \verb"\Upsilon" is $\Upsilon$ (math mode). \verb"\usebox{\binname}" recalls box definition saved in box \verb"\binname". \verb"\usecounter{counter}" is used in a \verb"list" environment to cause \verb"counter" to be used to number the items. %vvv \verb"\v" prints a h\'a\v cek, as \v o. \verb"\value{counter}" produces the numeric value of \verb"counter". \verb"\varepsilon" is $\varepsilon$ (math mode). \verb"\varphi" is $\varphi$ (math mode). \verb"\varpi" is $\varpi$ (math mode). \verb"\varrho" is $\varrho$ (math mode). \verb"\varsigma" is $\varsigma$ (math mode). \verb"\vartheta" is $\vartheta$ (math mode). \verb"\vdash" is $\vdash$ (math mode). \verb"\vec" puts a vector over a letter: $\vec a$ (math mode). \verb"\vector(x,y){len}" in \verb"picture" environment, in \verb"\put" command, draws vector from \verb"\put" argument with length \verb"len" and slope \verb"(x,y)", with arrowhead. \verb"\vee" is $\vee$ (math mode). \verb"\verb/text/" creates a local \verb"verbatim" environment for \verb"text", printed in \verb"typewriter" font. Note that \verb"text" is {\em not} in curly braces; it is between two identical delimiters, neither of which appears in \verb"text". \verb"\verb*/text/" is like \verb"\verb/text/", but spaces print out as \verb*" ". \verb"\vert" is $\vert$; \verb"\Vert" is $\Vert$ (math mode). \verb"\vspace{len}" leaves a vertical space of dimension \verb"len". %www \verb"\wedge" is $\wedge$ (math mode). \verb"\widehat{arg}" is $\widehat{arg}$ (math mode). \verb"\widetilde{arg}" is $\widetilde{arg}$ (math mode). \verb"\wp" is $\wp$ (math mode). \verb"\wr" is $\wr$ (math mode). %xxx \verb"\xi" is $\xi$; \verb"\Xi" is $\Xi$ (math mode). %yyy \verb"\year" --- current year (A.D.). %zzz \verb"\zeta" is $\zeta$ (math mode). \clearpage \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{ll} \verb"\rm" & {\rm Roman} \\ \verb"\it" & {\it Italic\/} \\ \verb"\bf" & {\bf Boldface} \\ \verb"\sl" & {\sl Slanted\/} \\ \verb"\sf" & {\sf Sans serif} \\ \verb"\sc" & {\sc Small Caps} \\ \verb"\tt" & {\tt Typewriter} \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Typefaces} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{ll} \verb"pt" & point (72.27 pt/in) \\ \verb"pc" & pica (12 pt/pc) \\ \verb"in" & inch \\ \verb"bp" & big point (72 bp/in) \\ \verb"cm" & centimeter (2.54 cm/in) \\ \verb"mm" & millimeter (10 mm/cm) \\ \verb"dd" & did\^ot point (1157 dd = 1238 pt) \\ \verb"cc" & cicero (12 dd/cc) \\ \verb"sp" & scaled point (65536 sp/pt) \\ \verb"em" & font-dependent; ``quad'' width \\ \verb"ex" & font-dependent; ``\verb"x"''-height \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Dimensions or lengths} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{lll} abstract & array & center \\ description & displaymath & enumerate \\ eqnarray & equation & figure \\ flushleft & flushright & itemize \\ list & math & minipage \\ picture & quotation & quote \\ tabbing & table & tabular \\ theorem & titlepage & verbatim \\ verse & & \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Environments} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{*{2}{ll@{\hspace{4em}}}ll} \`{o} & \verb"\`{o}" & \={o} & \verb"\={o}" & \t{oo} & \verb"\t{oo}" \\ \'{o} & \verb"\'{o}" & \.{o} & \verb"\.{o}" & \c{o} & \verb"\c{o}" \\ \^{o} & \verb"\^{o}" & \u{o} & \verb"\u{o}" & \d{o} & \verb"\d{o}" \\ \"{o} & \verb#\"{o}# & \v{o} & \verb"\v{o}" & \b{o} & \verb"\b{o}" \\ \~{o} & \verb"\~{o}" & \H{o} & \verb"\H{o}" & & \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Accents} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{*{2}{ll@{\hspace{4em}}}ll} \oe & \verb"\oe" & \aa & \verb"\aa" & \l & \verb"\l" \\ \OE & \verb"\OE" & \AA & \verb"\AA" & \L & \verb"\L" \\ \ae & \verb"\ae" & \o & \verb"\o" & \ss & \verb"\ss" \\ \AE & \verb"\AE" & \O & \verb"\O" & & \\ \end{tabular} \caption{National Symbols} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{*{2}{ll@{\hspace{4em}}}ll} \dag & \verb"\dag" & \S & \verb"\S" & \copyright & \verb"\copyright" \\ \ddag & \verb"\ddag" & \P & \verb"\P" & \pounds & \verb"\pounds" \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Miscellaneous Symbols} \end{table} \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{ll@{\hspace{4em}}ll} $\hat{a}$ & \verb"\hat{a}" & $\dot{a}$ & \verb"\dot{a}" \\ $\check{a}$ & \verb"\check{a}" & $\ddot{a}$ & \verb"\ddot{a}" \\ $\tilde{a}$ & \verb"\tilde{a}" & $\breve{a}$ & \verb"\breve{a}" \\ $\acute{a}$ & \verb"\acute{a}" & $\bar{a}$ & \verb"\bar{a}" \\ $\grave{a}$ & \verb"\grave{a}" & $\vec{a}$ & \verb"\vec{a}" \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Accents (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{cl@{\hspace{3em}}cl} $\alpha$ & \verb"\alpha" & $\nu$ & \verb"\nu" \\ $\beta$ & \verb"\beta" & $\xi$ & \verb"\xi" \\ $\gamma$ & \verb"\gamma" & $o$ & \verb"o" \\ $\delta$ & \verb"\delta" & $\pi$ & \verb"\pi" \\ $\epsilon$ & \verb"\epsilon" & $\rho$ & \verb"\rho" \\ $\zeta$ & \verb"\zeta" & $\sigma$ & \verb"\sigma" \\ $\eta$ & \verb"\eta" & $\tau$ & \verb"\tau" \\ $\theta$ & \verb"\theta" & $\upsilon$ & \verb"\upsilon" \\ $\iota$ & \verb"\iota" & $\phi$ & \verb"\phi" \\ $\kappa$ & \verb"\kappa" & $\chi$ & \verb"\chi" \\ $\lambda$ & \verb"\lambda" & $\psi$ & \verb"\psi" \\ $\mu$ & \verb"\mu" & $\omega$ & \verb"\omega" \\[4ex] $\varepsilon$ & \verb"\varepsilon" & $\varsigma$ & \verb"\varsigma" \\ $\vartheta$ & \verb"\vartheta" & $\varphi$ & \verb"\varphi" \\ $\varrho$ & \verb"\varrho" & & \\[4ex] $\Gamma$ & \verb"\Gamma" & $\Sigma$ & \verb"\Sigma" \\ $\Delta$ & \verb"\Delta" & $\Upsilon$ & \verb"\Upsilon" \\ $\Theta$ & \verb"\Theta" & $\Phi$ & \verb"\Phi" \\ $\Lambda$ & \verb"\Lambda" & $\Psi$ & \verb"\Psi" \\ $\Xi$ & \verb"\Xi" & $\Omega$ & \verb"\Omega" \\ $\Pi$ & \verb"\Pi" & & \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Greek letters (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{cl@{\hspace{3em}}cl} $\pm$ & \verb"\pm" & $\cap$ & \verb"\cap" \\ $\mp$ & \verb"\mp" & $\cup$ & \verb"\cup" \\ $\setminus$ & \verb"\setminus" & $\uplus$ & \verb"\uplus" \\ $\cdot$ & \verb"\cdot" & $\sqcap$ & \verb"\sqcap" \\ $\times$ & \verb"\times" & $\sqcup$ & \verb"\sqcup" \\ $\ast$ & \verb"\ast" & $\triangleleft$ & \verb"\triangleleft" \\ $\star$ & \verb"\star" & $\triangleright$ & \verb"\triangleright" \\ $\diamond$ & \verb"\diamond" & $\wr$ & \verb"\wr" \\ $\circ$ & \verb"\circ" & $\bigcirc$ & \verb"\bigcirc" \\ $\bullet$ & \verb"\bullet" & $\bigtriangleup$ & \verb"\bigtriangleup" \\ $\div$ & \verb"\div" & $\bigtriangledown$ & \verb"\bigtriangledown" \\ $\lhd$ & \verb"\lhd" & $\rhd$ & \verb"\rhd" \\ $\vee$ & \verb"\vee" & $\odot$ & \verb"\odot" \\ $\wedge$ & \verb"\wedge" & $\dagger$ & \verb"\dagger" \\ $\oplus$ & \verb"\oplus" & $\ddagger$ & \verb"\ddagger" \\ $\ominus$ & \verb"\ominus" & $\amalg$ & \verb"\amalg" \\ $\otimes$ & \verb"\otimes" & $\unlhd$ & \verb"\unlhd" \\ $\oslash$ & \verb"\oslash" & $\unrhd$ & \verb"\unrhd" \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Binary Operations (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{cl@{\hspace{4em}}cl} $\leq$ & \verb"\leq" & $\geq$ & \verb"\geq" \\ $\prec$ & \verb"\prec" & $\succ$ & \verb"\succ" \\ $\preceq$ & \verb"\preceq" & $\succeq$ & \verb"\succeq" \\ $\ll$ & \verb"\ll" & $\gg$ & \verb"\gg" \\ $\subset$ & \verb"\subset" & $\supset$ & \verb"\supset" \\ $\subseteq$ & \verb"\subseteq" & $\supseteq$ & \verb"\supseteq" \\ $\sqsubset$ & \verb"\sqsubset" & $\sqsupset$ & \verb"\sqsupset" \\ $\sqsubseteq$ & \verb"\sqsubseteq" & $\sqsupseteq$ & \verb"\sqsupseteq" \\ $\in$ & \verb"\in" & $\ni$ & \verb"\ni" \\ $\vdash$ & \verb"\vdash" & $\dashv$ & \verb"\dashv" \\ $\smile$ & \verb"\smile" & $\mid$ & \verb"\mid" \\ $\frown$ & \verb"\frown" & $\parallel$ & \verb"\parallel" \\ $\neq$ & \verb"\neq" & $\perp$ & \verb"\perp" \\ $\equiv$ & \verb"\equiv" & $\cong$ & \verb"\cong" \\ $\sim$ & \verb"\sim" & $\bowtie$ & \verb"\bowtie" \\ $\simeq$ & \verb"\simeq" & $\propto$ & \verb"\propto" \\ $\asymp$ & \verb"\asymp" & $\models$ & \verb"\models" \\ $\approx$ & \verb"\approx" & $\doteq$ & \verb"\doteq" \\ & & $\Join$ & \verb"\Join" \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Relations (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \leavevmode\hbox to 0pt{\hss\begin{tabular}{clcl} $\leftarrow$ & \verb"\leftarrow" & $\longleftarrow$ & \verb"\longleftarrow" \\ $\Leftarrow$ & \verb"\Leftarrow" & $\Longleftarrow$ & \verb"\Longleftarrow" \\ $\rightarrow$ & \verb"\rightarrow" & $\longrightarrow$ & \verb"\longrightarrow" \\ $\Rightarrow$ & \verb"\Rightarrow" & $\Longrightarrow$ & \verb"\Longrightarrow" \\ $\leftrightarrow$ & \verb"\leftrightarrow" & $\longleftrightarrow$ & \verb"\longleftrightarrow" \\ $\Leftrightarrow$ & \verb"\Leftrightarrow" & $\Longleftrightarrow$ & \verb"\Longleftrightarrow" \\ $\mapsto$ & \verb"\mapsto" & $\longmapsto$ & \verb"\longmapsto" \\ $\hookleftarrow$ & \verb"\hookleftarrow" & $\hookrightarrow$ & \verb"\hookrightarrow" \\ $\leftharpoonup$ & \verb"\leftharpoonup" & $\rightharpoonup$ & \verb"\rightharpoonup" \\ $\leftharpoondown$ & \verb"\leftharpoondown" & $\rightharpoondown$ & \verb"\rightharpoondown" \\ $\rightleftharpoons$ & \verb"\rightleftharpoons" & $\leadsto$ & \verb"\leadsto" \\ $\uparrow$ & \verb"\uparrow" & $\Updownarrow$ & \verb"\Updownarrow"\\ $\Uparrow$ & \verb"\Uparrow" & $\nearrow$ & \verb"\nearrow"\\ $\downarrow$ & \verb"\downarrow" & $\searrow$ & \verb"\searrow" \\ $\Downarrow$ & \verb"\Downarrow" & $\swarrow$ & \verb"\swarrow"\\ $\updownarrow$ & \verb"\updownarrow" & $\nwarrow$ & \verb"\nwarrow"\\ \end{tabular}\hss} \caption{Arrows (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{cl@{\hspace{3em}}cl} $\aleph$ & \verb"\aleph" & $\prime$ & \verb"\prime" \\ $\hbar$ & \verb"\hbar" & $\emptyset$ & \verb"\emptyset" \\ $\imath$ & \verb"\imath" & $\nabla$ & \verb"\nabla" \\ $\jmath$ & \verb"\jmath" & $\surd$ & \verb"\surd" \\ $\ell$ & \verb"\ell" & $\top$ & \verb"\top" \\ $\wp$ & \verb"\wp" & $\bot$ & \verb"\bot" \\ $\Re$ & \verb"\Re" & $\Vert$ & \verb!\"! \\ $\Im$ & \verb"\Im" & $\angle$ & \verb"\angle" \\ $\partial$ & \verb"\partial" & $\triangle$ & \verb"\triangle" \\ $\infty$ & \verb"\infty" & $\backslash$ & \verb"\backslash" \\ $\Box$ & \verb"\Box" & $\Diamond$ & \verb"\Diamond" \\ $\forall$ & \verb"\forall" & $\sharp$ & \verb"\sharp" \\ $\exists$ & \verb"\exists" & $\clubsuit$ & \verb"\clubsuit" \\ $\neg$ & \verb"\neg" & $\diamondsuit$ & \verb"\diamondsuit" \\ $\flat$ & \verb"\flat" & $\heartsuit$ & \verb"\heartsuit" \\ $\natural$ & \verb"\natural" & $\spadesuit$ & \verb"\spadesuit" \\ $\mho$ & \verb"\mho" & & \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Miscellaneous Symbols (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{ccl@{\hspace{2em}}ccl} \sum & \displaystyle \sum & \hbox{\verb"\sum"} & \bigcap & \displaystyle \bigcap & \hbox{\verb"\bigcap"} \\[.7ex] \prod & \displaystyle \prod & \hbox{\verb"\prod"} & \bigcup & \displaystyle \bigcup & \hbox{\verb"\bigcup"} \\[.7ex] \coprod & \displaystyle \coprod & \hbox{\verb"\coprod"} & \bigsqcup & \displaystyle \bigsqcup & \hbox{\verb"\bigsqcup"} \\[.7ex] \int & \displaystyle \int & \hbox{\verb"\int"} & \bigvee & \displaystyle \bigvee & \hbox{\verb"\bigvee"} \\[.7ex] \oint & \displaystyle \oint & \hbox{\verb"\oint"} & \bigwedge & \displaystyle \bigwedge & \hbox{\verb"\bigwedge"} \\[.7ex] \bigodot & \displaystyle \bigodot & \hbox{\verb"\bigodot"} & \bigotimes & \displaystyle \bigotimes & \hbox{\verb"\bigotimes"} \\[.7ex] \bigoplus & \displaystyle \bigoplus & \hbox{\verb"\bigoplus"} & \biguplus & \displaystyle \biguplus & \hbox{\verb"\biguplus"} \\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} \caption{Variable-sized Symbols (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \begin{verbatim} \arccos \coth \ker \min \arcsin \deg \lg \Pr \arctan \det \lim \sec \arg \dim \liminf \sin \cos \exp \limsup \sinh \csc \gcd \ln \sup \cosh \hom \log \tan \cot \inf \max \tanh \end{verbatim} \caption{``Log-like'' Functions (math mode)} \end{table} \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{lc@{\hspace{2em}}lc} $($ & \verb"(" & $)$ & \verb")" \\ $[$ & \verb"[" & $]$ & \verb"]" \\ $\{$ & \verb"\{" & $\}$ & \verb"\}" \\ $\lfloor$ & \verb"\lfloor" & $\rfloor$ & \verb"\rfloor" \\ $\lceil$ & \verb"\lceil" & $\rceil$ & \verb"\rceil" \\ $\langle$ & \verb"\langle" & $\rangle$ & \verb"\rangle" \\ $/$ & \verb"/" & $\backslash$ & \verb"\backslash" \\ $\vert$ & \verb"\vert" & $\Vert$ & \verb"\Vert" \\ $\uparrow$ & \verb"\uparrow" & $\Uparrow$ & \verb"\Uparrow" \\ $\downarrow$ & \verb"\downarrow" & $\Downarrow$ & \verb"\Downarrow" \\ $\updownarrow$ & \verb"\updownarrow" & $\Updownarrow$ & \verb"\Updownarrow" \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Delimiters (math mode)} \end{table} \end{document}