%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % D. Dorj (translat.), O. Corff (ed.), Sh. Naranc"ac"ag (red.) % % Ulaanbaatar, June 1998. % % Package descriptions translated by Quluunbaatar "Anxzayaa % (Thank you, Zayaa!), in January 23rd, 1999, Dresden, hence % we say: % % bogino.tex, January 1999, draft version. % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % This document contains only ASCII characters, no dotted vowels, % so it should be truly portable. % % Make sure MonTeX is installed, and say % % $ latex bogino % % or whatever you need for starting your latex program. % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} \usepackage[xalx,latin1]{mls} \usepackage{latexsym} \hfuzz2.2pt \hbadness5000 \vbadness3000 \def\EmTeX{{\rm E\kern-.15em\raise.2ex\hbox{m}\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} \def\tex={\rm \TeX{}} % easier to type... \def\vartex{{\rm T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} \newcommand{\LTX}{\lat{\LaTeX}} \newcommand\exa{\nopagebreak \begin{flushleft}\smallskip \nopagebreak \begin{minipage}[t]{6cm}\sloppy} \newcommand\exb{\end{minipage}\kern 1cm\begin{minipage}[t]{8cm}\sloppy } \newcommand\exc{\end{minipage}\kern -3cm \smallskip\end{flushleft}} \newcommand{\manual}{{\lat{\emph{\LaTeX-Manual}}}~\cite{manual}} \newcommand{\local}{{\em Local Guide}~\cite{local}} \newcommand{\oben}[1]{\begin{center}\begin{minipage}{#1}\hrule\medskip} \newcommand{\unten}{\hrule \end{minipage}\end{center}} \SetDocumentEncodingLMC \newcommand{\LMC}{\SetDocumentEncodingLMC} \newcommand{\T}{\SetDocumentEncodingNeutral} \begin{document} \baselineskip 15pt %\newpage \pagestyle{headings} \sloppy \addtolength\topmargin{-27pt} \addtolength\textheight{68pt} \baselineskip 15pt %\newpage \pagestyle{headings} \sloppy \addtolength\topmargin{-27pt} \addtolength\textheight{68pt} \title{{\Huge \lat{\LaTeXe}} \\[0.5 cm] {Towq zaawar}} \author{\lat{Hubert~Partl, Elisabeth~Schlegl, Irene~Hyna}\\[0.3 cm] Oros x"aln"a"as orquulsan D.~Dorj\thanks{% {\Sh}injl"ax Uxaany Akademi\"in X"al Zoxiolyn X"ur"a"al"an}\\[0.5cm] \and redaktorlasan: \Sh.~Naranc"ac"ag\thanks{% {\Sh}injl"ax Uxaany Akademi\"in Informatiki\"in X"ur"a"al"an}, \ O.~\lat{Corff}\thanks{% \lat{DFG} (German "Ard"am \Sh injilg"a"ani\"i Ni\"ig"aml"ag)-i\"in shugamaar Mongolyn {\Sh}injl"ax Uxaany Akademi\"in X"al Zoxiol, Informatiki\"in X"ur"a"al"and ajillaj ba\"ina.}} \date{} \maketitle \vspace{1cm} \LTX\ bol tekst bolon matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoo aguulsan "ard"am shinjilg"a"ani\"i ni\"itl"al b"altg"ax"ad zoriulagdsan sistem yum. T"u"unql"an "an"a sistemi\"ig "angi\"in zaxianaas "axl"a"ad nom x"urt"alx busad olon z"u\"ili\"in barimt b"altg"ax"ad ashiglaj bolno. Tus towq zaawar n\i\ \lat{\LaTeXe} xuwilbar d"a"ar suurilax b"og"o"od \LTX-yn ix"anx xawsraltuudad taarna. \LTX-yn b"ur"an zaawryg n\i\ \manual-"a"as olj "uz"aj bolno. \LTX-i\"ig olonxi TBM ba biqil komp{\i}yutert suuriluulsan ba\"idag. Tus ajild \lat{IBM PC} mayagi\"in komp{\i}yutert zoriulan \lat{Stuttgart}-yn ix surguuli\"in \lat{E.~Mattes}-yn bolowsruulj gargasan \lat{\EmTeX} xuwilbar d"a"ar tulguurlasan \lat{Mon\TeX} x"ar"agl"as"an yum. Tus programmyn Mongol xuwilbar bolox \lat{Mon\TeX}-i\"ig \lat{Oliver Corff} zoxioson bolno. \newpage \bigskip \noindent Tuxa\"in zaawryn barimtyn garqig, zurag, x"usn"agt g.\,m. busad material xi\"ix"ad \lat{Mon\TeX}-i\"in "unds"an komanduudyg ashiglan b"altg"agds"an yum. N.~Glonti ba A.~Samarin naryn kirill "usgi\"in shrifti\"in "unds"an d"a"ar \lat{Mon\TeX}-i\"in kirill "usgi\"in shrifti\"ig bolowsruulsan bolno. P.~B.~Zagretdinow ba I.~A.~Maxowaya naryn German x"aln"a"as orquulsan <<\LTX\ kratkoe rukowodstwo>>-g\footnote{\lit{CyrTUG} (Kirill "Usg"a"ar \TeX\ X"ar"agl"agqdi\"in Grupp) bolowsruulsan.} "und"as bolgon tus towq zaawryg gargasan yum. Tus zaawryg ulam bolowsrongu\"i bolgox talaar daraax xayagaar sanal x"us"alt"a"a yawuulj bolno: \lat{E-mail: \texttt{corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de}} \newpage {\setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus 2pt} \newpage \tableofcontents \vspace{0pt plus 2cm} \listoffigures \vspace{0pt plus 2cm} \listoftables } \newpage \section{{\mnr Er"onxi\"i z"u\"il}} \subsection{N"ar} \subsubsection{\TeX} \TeX-i\"ig oros <> "ugt"a\"i adil duudax b"og"o"od <<\TeX>> x"am"a"an biqij bolno. \TeX\ n\i\ professor \lat{Donald E.~Knuth}-yn~\cite{texbook} tekst bolon matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoo oruulax ba x"awl"ax"ad zoriulsan programm yum. \subsubsection{\LTX} \LTX-i\"ig <> buyuu <> x"am"a"an duudax b"og"o"od <<\LTX>> g"aj t"amd"agl"aj bolno. "An"a n\i\ \TeX-i\"in tuslamjta\"i biqs"an L"asli Lamportyn ix bagc programm yum. Tus programm n\i\ "o"ori\"in biqs"an z"u\"ili\"ig b"al"an x"amj"a"as"u"udi\"ig ashiglan xyalbar argaar oruulj x"awl"ali\"in t"uwshind x"awl"ax bolomji\"ig olgono. \subsection{Gol aguulga} \subsubsection{Zoxiogq, texnik redaktor ba "or"ogq} Zoxiogq n\i\ golduu "o"ori\"in biqs"an z"u\"il"a"a biqgi\"in mashinaar biqij x"awl"ali\"in gazart "ogd"og. "U"uni\"i daraa texnik redaktor x"awl"al qim"agl"ali\"in asuudluudyg shi\"id"aj (m"orni\"i urt, shriftyn t"or"ol, garqgi\"in "omn"ox ba daraax za\"i g.\,m.) "or"ogqid zoxix zaawar "ogd"og. T"os"o"olj x"al"ax"ad \LTX\ n\i\ texnik redaktor, \TeX\ n\i\ "or"ogqi\"in "u"urgi\"ig z"ar"ag g"u\"ic"atg"ad"ag ba\"ina. Texnik redaktor n\i\ zoxiogqi\"in sanaag (J: b"ulgi\"in garqig, ishl"al, jish"a"a, tom{\y}yoo\dots) biqm"ali\"in aguulga bolon ix"anxi toxioldold "o"ori\"in m"adl"agt tulguurlan tanin m"add"ag. Xarin \LTX\ programm boloxoor teksti\"in logik b"ut"aci\"in tuxa\"i n"am"alt m"ad"a"al"al shaarddag. Ug m"ad"a"all"u"udi\"ig tekst dotorxi komandyn x"alb"ar"a"ar oruulna. Oruulj bu\"i ajlyn "ur d"ung shuud d"alg"ac d"a"ar xaruuldagg"u\"i uqir "an"a arga n\i\ \lat{Wordstar, ChiWriter} m"ati\"in tekst bolowsruulax programmuudaas yalgaata\"i bolno. D"alg"ac d"a"ar"a"as xuudsand biqigd"ax yosto\"i z"u\"ili\"ig shuud xarj bolox "adg"a"ar sistemuudyg \lat{WYSIWYG} (``\lat{What You See Is What You Get}'') x"am"a"an n"arl"ad"ag. \LTX-i\"ig ashiglan zoxiogq n\i\ anxdagq fa\"ilyg oruulax "ued"a"a "o"ori\"in garax yosto\"i "ur d"ung shuud xardagg"u\"i yum. G"axd"a"a t"ar"a"ar todorxo\"i programmuudyg ashiglan "o"ori\"in oruulsan materialyg xuwirgaj turshilt mayagaar d"alg"ac d"a"ar"a"as x"awl"ali\"in "ur d"ung"a"a yamagt xarj bolox b"og"o"od anxdagq fa\"ilyg zaswarlaj ajlaa caash n\i\ "urg"aljl"u"ulj bolno. \subsubsection{Xuudaslax} Xuudaslax n\i\ todorxo\"i m"adl"ag shaardsan golduu gar ajillagaa ixt"a\"i ajil yum. Turshlagag"u\"i zoxiogqid teksti\"ig xuudaslax "ued b"ud"u"ul"ag aldaa gargax n\i\ t"ug"a"am"al ba\"idag. Olonxi m"arg"ajli\"in bus ulsuud nom xuudaslaxyg goo z"u\"in asuudalta\"i nyagt xolboj "uzd"ag. Nom x"awl"ali\"in gadaad "uz"amji\"in talaasaa muugu\"i xaragdaj ba\"iwal saya shaardlaga xangasan sa\"in xuudaslagdsan nom bolson x"am"a"an t"ad "uz"ax n\i\ olontaa. G"awq nom muze\"in "uzm"ar bish b"og"o"od unshix zoriulaltta\"i x"awl"agd"aj ba\"idag uqir t"u"uni\"ig uxaarxuyaa xyalbar, unshixad d"ox"omt"a\"i ba\"ix shaardlagyg gadaad "uz"amj"a"as"a"a il"u"u golloson ba\"ix yosto\"i. Jish"a"a n\i\ shriftyn x"amj"a"a ba garqgi\"in dugaaryg tus nomyn b"ul"ag bolon z"u\"ili\"ig xyalbar xaragdaxaar sa\"itar bodoj bolowsruulsan ba\"ix x"ar"agt"a\"i. M"orni\"i urt n\i\ q unshigqi\"in n"udi\"ig qil"a"axg"u\"i ba\"ix n\i\ ix"a"ax"an aq xolbogdolto\"i ba\"idag. D"a"ar dur{\i}dsan teksti\"in redaktoruudyn tuslamjta\"i zoxiogqid goo z"u\"in talyg barag xangasan z"u\"ili\"ig gargadag q "adg"a"ar n\i\ b"utci\"in talaas dutmag, zoxiomj muuta\"i nom bolox n\i\ olontaa. \LTX\ n\i\ oruulj bu\"i teksti\"in logik b"utci\"ig zaaj ba\"ixyg zoxiogqoos shaardaj ba\"idag uqraas d"a"ar "og"u"uls"an aldaanuudyg gargadagg"u\"i b"og"o"od "adg"a"ar b"utci\"in zaaltuudyg oruulsny daraa "u"und toxirson x"amj"a"an"u"udi\"ig awtomataar songon x"ar"agl"aj ba\"idgaaraa onclogto\"i. \subsubsection{Ololtto\"i ba dutagdalta\"i taluud} \LTX\ n\i\ daraax sa\"in taluudta\"i ba\"ina: \begin{itemize} \item X"awl"ali\"in d"a"ad qanaryn t"uwshind barimt x"awl"u"ul"ax x"ad x"ad"an standart zagwaruudyg (nom, "og"u"ul"al, iltg"al, zaxia) "o"ort"o"o aguulsan ba\"ina. \item Matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoog oruulax zarqim n\i\ mash xyalbar. \item Teksti\"in logik b"utci\"ig todorxo\"ilox x"adx"an komanduudyg l m"ad"ax"ad barimtyg xuudaslaxyn talaar tolgo\"i "owd"oxg"u\"i ba\"ij bolno. \item Z"u"ult, ashiglasan zoxiolyn jagsaalt, tow{\y}yog, x"usn"agti\"in jagsaalt, b"ugd x"alx"a"a g.\,m. bolon xyalbar zurguudyg t"uw"agg"u\"i xi\"ij bolox yum. \end{itemize} Dutagdalta\"i taluudad daraax z"u\"il"u"udi\"ig xamaaruulj bolox yum: \begin{itemize} \item Bolxi teksti\"in processoruudyg bodwol mashiny n"al"a"ad x"amj"a"ani\"i n"o"oci\"ig x"ar"agl"ad"ag (processoryn xugacaa, diski\"in sanamj g.\,m.) \item Barimtyg x"awl"ax"ad grafiki\"in "ond"or qadalta\"i x"awl"ax t"ox"o"or"omji\"ig shaardana (lazeri\"in printer g.\,m.) \item Barimtyn standart zagwaraas garq ajillaxad n"al"a"ad nari\"in programqilalyg shaarddag. \end{itemize} \subsection{Anxdagq fa\"il} Anxdagq fa\"ilyn "u"urgi\"ig \LTX-d "angi\"in tekst fa\"il g"u\"ic"atg"an"a. Tus fa\"ilyg \lat{ASCII} kodyn yamarq teksti\"in redaktoryn tuslamjta\"igaar xi\"ij bolox yum. \LTX-yn udirdax komanduudyg naluu zuraasyn \verb"\" tuslamjta\"igaar oruulna. \subsubsection{Xooson za\"i} Anxdagq teksti\"in "ugsi\"in xoorond yamarq x"amj"a"ani\"i xooson za\"i ba\"ij bolno. \LTX\ n\i\ "adg"a"ar za\"ig n"ag m"ord onogdox "ugsi\"in toony x"awi\"in xar{\i}caag gargasny "unds"an d"a"ar awtomataar shaxaj "ogd"og. \subsubsection{Tusga\"i t"amd"ag} \LTX-i\"in anxdagq fa\"ild tom buyuu baga "us"ag, too ba c"ag c"agl"ali\"in t"amdg"u"udi\"ig ashiglaj bolno. 10 t"amd"ag n\i\ tuslax "u"urgi\"ig g"u\"ic"adg"ad"ag b"og"o"od z"owx"on \LTX\ (ba \TeX)-yn komanduudta\"i xamt ashiglagdana. "Adg"a"ar t"amdg"u"udi\"ig jagsaawal \begin{quote} \verb:$ & % # _ { } ~ ^ \: \end{quote} z"ar"ag bolno. \begin{quote} \verb:+ = | < >: \end{quote} "adg"a"ar tawan t"amd"ag golqlon matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoond ashiglagdax b"og"o"od "angi\"in tekst"and \verb:+: ba \verb:-: orj bolno. Tekst dotor tuslax "u"urgi\"ig g"u\"ic"atg"ad"ag t"amdg"u"udi\"ig gargaxyn tuld "omn"o n\i\ \verb:\: (\lat{Backslash}) t"amd"ag oruulax x"ar"agt"a\"i. \exa { \$ \& \% \# \_ \{ \}} \exb \begin{verbatim} \$ \& \% \# \_ \{ \} \end{verbatim} \exc \subsubsection{\LTX-i\"in komanduud} \LTX-i\"in ix"anxi komanduud daraax b"ut"act"a\"i ba\"ina: "axl"a"ad naluu zuraasyn t"amd"ag \verb:\: orj daraa n\i\ komand tawigdana. Zaawal orox todorxo\"iloltuud ix xaaltand \verb:{}:, q"ol"o"ot todorxo\"iloltuud d"orw"oljin xaltand \verb:[]: biqigd"an"a. Zarim komanduudyn tuslamjta\"i "ug, teksti\"in b"ut"an x"asg"u"udi\"ig oruulj bolox yum. Jish"a"a n\i: \exa Zarim x"um"u"us \TeX, xarin bi \lat{\LTX}-i\"ig ashiglax durta\"i. \bigskip "An"a xuudas n\i\ \today -nd x"awl"agds"an yum. \smallskip \LTX-yn zaawryn tus xuudas n\i\ \today-nd x"awl"agds"an yum. \lat{If nominated \ldots, I will not serve}. \exb\T \begin{verbatim} Zarim x"um"u"us \TeX, xarin bi \LTX-i\"ig ashiglax durta\"i. "An"a xuudas n\i\ \today -nd x"awl"agds"an yum. \LTX-yn zaawryn tus xuudas n\i\ \today -nd x"awl"agds"an yum. \lat{If nominated \ldots, I will not serve}. \end{verbatim} \exc \subsubsection{Ta\"ilbaruud} "Ax tekst"and z"owx"on "o"ort"o"o x"ar"agt"a\"i x"awl"ax shaardlagag"u\"i ta\"ilbaruudyg oruulaxyn tuld "omn"o n\i\ \verb:%: t"amd"ag tawina. Tus komand n\i\ n"ag m"or dotor l x"uqint"a\"i ba\"ina. \T \rnm \exa \medskip { Gnus and armadi% More @_#!$^{& gnus? llos are generally tolerant of one another and seldom quarrel.} \exb \begin{verbatim} Gnus and armadi% More @_#!$^{& gnus? llos are generally ... \end{verbatim} \exc \mnr \LMC \subsubsection{Barimt} \LTX\-yn anxdagq fa\"ild ba\"ix za\"ilshg"u\"i x"ad x"ad"an komanduud ba\"idag. "Axni\"i komand barimtyn mayagi\"ig todorxo\"ilox yosto\"i: \begin{quote} \verb:\:\ltt{documentclass} \end{quote} Tus komandyn parametruudyg \S~\ref{sec:docsty}-"a"as xarj bolox yum. Barimtyn tekst b"ur \verb:\:\ltt{begin\{document\}} komandaar "axl"an"a. Daraa n\i\ \LTX-yn t"or"ol b"uri\"in komand aguulsan barimtyn suur\i\ x"as"ag orno. Barimtyn t"ogsg"old zaawal \verb:\:\ltt{end\{document\}} x"am"a"ax komand ba\"ix yosto\"i. Tus komandyn daraagaar orson b"ux z"u\"ili\"ig \LTX\ "ug"u\"isg"an"a. X"ar"agl"aj bolox \LTX-yn xamgi\"in baga fa\"ilyn jish"a"ag zurag~\ref{mini}-"a"as xarj bolno. Ara\"i nari\"in b"ut"act"a\"i anxdagq fa\"ilyn jish"a"ag~\ref{dokument}-r zuragt "uz"u"uls"an ba\"ina. \T \begin{figure}[hbp] \oben{6cm} \begin{verbatim} \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Mal, da xoro\sh . \end{document} \end{verbatim} \LMC \unten \caption{\xalx{Xamgi\"in baga \LTX-fa\"il}}\label{mini} \end{figure} \T \begin{figure}[hbtp] \oben{10cm} \begin{verbatim} \documentclass[12pt,twocolumn]{article} \author{R.~Zagretdinov} \title{Gnus of the World} \date{4 July 1997} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt} \frenchspacing \sloppy \begin{document} \maketitle \begin{abstract} This is an example of an English scientific article. \end{abstract} \tableofcontents \section{Start} Studying of gnus of the world is one of the important \dots \section{End} \dots\ so our research will be continued in the near future. \end{document} \end{verbatim} \unten \LMC \caption{\xalx{\LTX-yn anxdagq fa\"ilyn jish"a"a}}\label{dokument} \end{figure} \LMC \subsection{X"amj"a"asl"ax (\lat{Layout})} \subsubsection{Barimtyn angilal (\lat{Document Class})}\label{sec:docsty} \verb:\:\ltt{begin\{document\}} komandyn "omn"o z"owx"on todorxo\"ilox x"amj"a"an"u"ud ordog yum. "An"a todorxo\"iloltuud n\i\ barimtyn angilalyg togtooj "ogd"og. Todorxo\"iloltuud n\i\ daraax komandaar "axl"an"a: \T \begin{verse} \verb:\lat{documentclass}[:\textit{options}\verb:]{:\textit{style}\verb:}: \end{verse} \LMC \emph{Zaawal} ba\"ix parametruud n\i\ ix xaaltaand \verb:{}: orson ba\"ina. X"usn"agt~\ref{docstyles} "uz"u"uls"an parametruudyn al\i\ n"agi\"ig tus komandyn daraagaar oruulna. \begin{table}[hbtp] \caption{Barimtyn angilal (\lat{Document Class})} \label{docstyles} \oben{10cm} \begin{description} \item [\ltt{article} ("og"u"ul"al)] "Ard"am shinjilg"a"ani\"i "og"u"ul"al, ta\"ilan, bogino barimtyn angilal. "An"a angilal n\i\ b"ulg"a"ar xuwaagdaxg"u\"i. \verb:\:\ltt{maketitle} komandaar xi\"igd"ax n"u"ur xuudas n\i\ tusga\"i xuudsand bus n"agd"ug"a"ar xuudasny d"a"ad tald ba\"irlana. \item [\ltt{report} (iltg"al)] "An"a angilalyg ara\"i urt texniki\"in barimtuud (diplomyn ajil, dissertaci g.\,m.)-yg x"awl"ax"ad x"ar"agl"an"a. D"a"arxi angilalaas yalgaata\"i tal n\i\ b"ulg"a"ar xuwaagdax ba n"u"ur xuudas tus tusdaa xi\"igd"an"a. \item [\ltt{book} (nom)] Nom x"awl"ax"ad zoriulsan gol angilal. "Ord"os"u"ud n\i\ xuudasny xoyor tald nom ba\"idalta\"igaar ba\"irlana. \item [\ltt{letter} (zaxia)] Ajil x"argi\"in zaxidlyn angilal. Sa\"in ba\"iguulsan zaxiany b"ux maxbod (xayag, ognoo, garyn "us"ag g.\,m)-yg aguulsan ba\"ina. \end{description} \unten \end{table} D"orw"oljin xaaltand gol angilaluudyg "o"orql"on ba\"iguulax parametruud bagtaj orson bolno. Onc shaardlagag"u\"i "adg"a"ar parametruudyn jish"a"ag x"usn"agt~\ref{options}-oos "uz"aj bolno. \begin{table}[hbtp] \caption{Barimtyn angilalyn x"amj"a"an"u"ud}\label{options} \oben{10cm} \begin{description} \item [\ltt{10pt}] 10\lit{pt}-i\"in t"amd"agti\"in x"amj"a"a. "Unds"an x"amj"a"a. \item [\ltt{11pt}] 11\lit{pt}-i\"in t"amd"agti\"in x"amj"a"a. 11\lit{pt}-i\"in x"amj"a"a n\i\ 10\ltt{pt}-i\"in x"amj"a"an"a"as 10 xuwiar il"u"u ba\"ina. Tus barimt n\i\ "an"a x"amj"a"ag"a"ar biqigds"an bolno. \item [\ltt{12pt}] 12\lit{pt}-i\"in t"amd"agti\"in suur\i\ x"amj"a"a. 12\lit{pt}-i\"in x"amj"a"a n\i\ 10\ltt{pt}-i\"in x"amj"a"an"a"as 20 xuwiar il"u"u ba\"ina. Biqgi\"in mashiny "usgi\"in x"amj"a"a. \item [\ltt{a4paper}] \lat{DIN} A4 caasny x"amj"a"a. "U"uni\"ig todorxo\"iloxg"u\"ig"a"as \LTX\ programm n\i\ barimtyg Ameriki\"in caasny x"amj"a"ag"a"ar (<<\lat{letter}>>) x"awl"an"a. \item [\ltt{fleqn}] Matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoog teksti\"in z"u"un talaar t"agshiln"a. \item [\ltt{leqno}] Z"u"un talaas matematiki\"in tom{\y}yoonuudyn dugaaryg tawina. \item [\ltt{titlepage}] Tus parametr tawigdsan ba\"ix "ued \verb:\:\ltt{maketitle} komand n\i\ "og"u"ul"al mayagi\"in barimtyg x"awl"axd"a"a n"u"ur xuudsyg tusga\"i xuudsan d"a"ar ba\"irluulna. \item [\ltt{twocolumn}] Xoyor baganad xuwaan x"awl"ax bolomji\"ig olgono. \item [\ltt{twoside}] "Og"u"ul"al, iltg"al mayagi\"in barimtyg xuudasny xoyor tald xi\"in"a. \end{description} \unten \end{table} %\vspace{0pt plus 3 cm}\pagebreak[2] \subsubsection{ (\lat{Packages})} \verb:\:\ltt{usepackage} komandyg ashiglasnaar \LTX\ programmyn funkc"u"ud n"am"agd"an"a. \T\begin{verse} \verb:\usepackage[:\lit{options}\verb:]{:\lit{package}\verb:}: \end{verse}\LMC \LTX\ programmd bu\"i zarim x"ad"an bagcuudyn tuxa\"i \ref{packages}-r x"usn"agt"a"as "uzn"a "u"u. \begin{table}[htbp] \caption{Bagcuud (zarim n"agi\"ig songow)}\label{packages} \oben{10cm} \begin{description} \setlength{\itemsep}{.5\itemsep plus1pt minus1pt} \item [\ltt{a4}] n\i\ ``\ltt{a4paper}'' x"amj"a"an"a"as dawj ba\"igaa \lat{DIN-A4} caasny x"amj"a"ani\"i toxiruulaga. \item [\ltt{array}] n\i\ ``\ltt{array}'', ``\ltt{tabular}'' bolon ``\ltt{tabular*}'' orqing sa\"ijruulj "org"oj"u"uls"an xuwilbar. \item [\ltt{babel}] Olon yanzyn x"alni\"i toxiruulaga. Songoson x"ali\"ig \lat{option} bolgoj biqn"a. \item [\ltt{float}] X"usn"agt, zurag z"ar"ag ob{\y}ektuudyg d"ursl"ax {\sh}in"a x"amj"a"an"u"ud (\lat{options}), ji{\sh}"a"alb"al ba\"irlalyg n\i\ nari\"in xyanax, mayag zagwaryg todorxo\"ilox. \item [\ltt{fontenc}] Yalgaata\"i kodqilol/xar{\i}yalalta\"i {\sh}rift"u"ud x"ar"agl"ax"ad a{\sh}iglana. \item [\ltt{ftnright}] Xoyor baganata\"i x"amj"a"asl"ali\"in (\lat{layout}) baruun bagany dood x"as"agt z"u"ult oruulaxad a{\sh}iglana. \item [\ltt{graphics}] T"or"ol b"uri\"in x"awl"agqid zoriulj grafik bolon (bolomjto\"i toxioldold) "ongi\"ig xolbono. "An"a bagcyn "org"on bolomji\"ig \cite{grfguide}-d ta\"ilbarlana. \item [\ltt{indentfirst}] Angi (\lat{section}) bolgony "axni\"i dogol m"ori\"ig m"on dogolto\"i bolgono. \item [\ltt{inputenc}] Anxdagq fa\"il dax\i\ t"amd"agl"ali\"in kodqilolyg oruulna. \item [\ltt{latexsym}] \(\Box\) g"ax m"atqil"an \LTX-i\"in t"amd"agl"al"u"udi\"ig x"ar"agl"aj bolno. \item [\ltt{longtable}] "asw"al \ltt{supertabular} olon xuudasnaas b"urds"an x"usn"agti\"ig xuudsaar awtomataar xuwiarlana. \item [\ltt{makeidx}] Indeksi\"ig awtomataar bi\"i bolgono. \item [\ltt{mls}] Kirill bolon mongol biqg"a"ar tekst, garqig z"argi\"ig biqix mongol x"alni\"i toxiruulaga. \item [\ltt{multicol}] Olon baganaas b"urds"an "og"u"ulb"ari\"in baganyg t"ancw"art"a\"i xuwiarlana. \item [\ltt{newlfont}] \ltt{\char92bf}, \ltt{\char92if} z"ar"ag komanduudyn "u\"ilqilg"a"ag xosluulna. \item [\ltt{showkeys}] T"akst"ad x"ar"agl"as"an b"uxi\"i l \ltt{\char92label}, \ltt{\char92ref} bolon \ltt{\char92pagerefs}-i\"in n"arsi\"ig x"awl"an"a. \item [\ltt{theorem}] n\i\ \ltt{theorem} orqingi\"in "org"otg"ol. \item [\ltt{verbatim}] n\i\ \ltt{verbatim} orqingi\"in q"ol"o"ot "org"otg"ol. \end{description} \unten \end{table} \lat{Mon\TeX}, \ltt{longtable} xoyor bagcyg x"ar"agl"ax anxdagq fa\"ilyn "axl"ali\"in jish"a"a: \T\begin{verse} \verb:\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn,twoside]{aricle}: \verb:\usepackage[xalx]{mls}: \verb:\usepackage{longtable}: \end{verse}\LMC \subsubsection{Xuudasny mayag (\lat{Page Style})} X"awl"agd"ax xuudasny mayagi\"ig daraax komandaar oruulj \emph{bolno}: \T\begin{verse} \verb:\pagestyle{:\textit{style}\verb:}: \end{verse}\LMC \ltt{plain} zaaltyg x"ar"agl"ax "ued xuudasny dugaar door x"awl"agd"aj garna. \ltt{headings} zaaltyg x"ar"agl"ax "ued xuudasny dugaar bolon busad m"ad"a"al"al xuudasny d"a"ad tald x"awl"agd"aj garax ba xuudasny dood tal n\i\ xooson ba\"ina. \ltt{empty} zaaltyn "ued xuudasny dugaar garaxg"u\"i. \manual-d m"on busad komanduudyg todorxo\"ilson ba "an"a n\i\ xuudasny x"awl"ax formatyg daraax ba\"idlaar "o"orqiln"o: \verb:\:\ltt{thispagestyle}, \verb:\:\ltt{pagenumbering}, \verb:\:\ltt{twocolumn} ba \verb:\:\ltt{onecolumn}. \clearpage \section{{\mnr Tekst oruulax}} \subsection{M"or ba xuudas ba\"iguulax} \def\specialparskip{\par\begingroup \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}} \def\endspecialparskip{\par\endgroup} \begin{specialparskip} \subsubsection{"Og"u"ulb"ari\"in blok (dogol m"or)} Erdi\"in teksti\"ig "or"olti\"in "org"oni\"ig xargalzan "ord"ost ba\"irluuldag. \LTX\ programm m"or ba xuudsyg awtomataar xuudaslana. "U"uni\"i z"arg"ac"a"a dogol m"ort orson "ugsi\"ig al\i\ bolox toxiromjto\"i ba\"idlaar m"or bolgon xuwaaj shaardlagata\"i "ued "ugsi\"ig taslaj m"or shilj"u"uln"a. \T \exa { The ends of words and sentences are marked by spaces. It doesn't matter how many spaces you type; one is as good as 100. \bigskip One or more blank lines denote the end of a paragraph. } \exb \begin{verbatim} The ends of words and sentences are marked by spaces. It doesn't matter how many spaces you type; one is as good as 100. One or more blank lines denote the end of a paragraph. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Dogol m"orti\"in ba\"irlalyg barimtyn angilalaas xamaarq songolt xi\"in"a. Nom, "og"u"ul"al, m"ad"a"al"ald dogol m"ori\"ig shin"a m"orn"o"os dogol gargan ba\"irluulna. Xarin zaxia bolon daalgawart dogol m"ort n\i\ d"a"ash"a"a buyuu dooshoo n"am"alt xooson za\"igaar tusgaarlagdax b"og"o"od dogol gargalg"u\"ig"a"ar shuud biqigd"an"a. \T \begin{verse} \begin{verbatim} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt} \end{verbatim} \end{verse} \LMC Ug jish"a"ag tus xuudasnaas olj xarj bolno. \S~\ref{env}-d zaasan orqny \lat{``Environments''} tuslamjta\"igaar teksti\"in x"asg"u"udi\"ig "o"or"o"or ba\"irluulj q bolox yum. "U"un"a"as gadna teksti\"in ba\"irlalyg daraax komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar sol{\i}j bolno. "U"und \verb:\\: buyuu \verb:\:\ltt{newline} komand n\i\ shin"a m"or"ond dogol m"org"u\"ig"a"ar shilj"u"uln"a. \verb:\\*: komand n\i\ shin"a xuudsand oroxg"u\"ig"a"ar shin"a m"or"ond shilj"u"uln"a. \verb:\:\ltt{newpage} komand n\i\ shin"a xuudsand shilj"u"uln"a. \verb:\:\ltt{linebreak[n]}, \verb:\:\ltt{nolinebreak[n]}, \verb:\:\ltt{pagebreak[n]}, \verb:\:\ltt{nopagebreak[n]} komanduud n\i\ x"uss"an"a"ar tan\i\ m"or bolon xuudsyg shilj"u"ul"ax bolno. \LTX\ programm tany oruulsan z"u\"ili\"in m"ori\"ig al\i\ bolox "awt"a\"i x"alb"ar"a"ar ba\"irluulna. Zaxyn za\"ig t"agsh"a"ar ba\"iguulax bolomjg"u\"i toxioldold m"ori\"ig urtasgaj aldaa garsan tuxa\"i \lat{(``overfull hbox'')} x"am"a"an m"ad"a"al"al gargana. "An"a n\i\ golduu "ug taslaxad toxirox za\"ig"u\"i bolson toxioldold gardag. \end{specialparskip} \subsubsection{"Ug taslax}\label{taslax} X"ar"aw zarim toxioldold awtomataar "ug taslaj daraagi\"in m"ord shilj"u"ul"ax n\i\ zoxix "ur d"ung"a"a "uz"u"ul"axg"u\"i ba\"iwal tusga\"i komandyg ashiglaj bolno. Ix"anxd"a"a "an"a "uz"agd"al ni\"ilm"al buyuu gadaad "ugt"a\"i toxiolddog yum. Taslax yosto\"i "ug"a"a taslax gazraar n\i\ bogino zuraasaar salgan zaaj \verb:\:\ltt{hyphenation} g"as"an komandyn ard ix xaaltand \verb:{}: oruulan biqw"al tuxa\"in "ugi\"in taslalyg zasq bolno. "An"a komand n\i\ anxdagq fa\"ilyn "ax"and biqigds"an ba\"ix yosto\"i b"og"o"od xarin awia xuw{\i}samji\"in "us"ag (umlyaut) ba tusga\"i t"amd"agt"u"udi\"ig aguulsan "ugs"and "u\"ilql"axg"u\"i. Jish"a"a: \T \exa ~ \exb \begin{verbatim} \hyphenation{ Eingabe-file Eingabe -files FORTRAN } \end{verbatim} \exc \LMC \verb:\-: komand n\i\ tus t"amd"ag tawigdsan gazar b"urt "u\"ilqilj "ugi\"ig taslana. "An"a komandyg b"ux "ug"and x"ar"agl"aj bolno. \T \exa { Eingabefile, \LaTeX-Eingabe- file, H\"a\ss lichkeit } \exb \begin{verbatim} Ein\-gabe\-file, \LaTeX-Eingabe\-file, H\"a\ss\-lich\-keit \end{verbatim} \exc \LMC \verb:\:\ltt{mbox\{...\}} komand n\i\ tuxa\"in z"u\"ili\"ig taslaj boloxg"u\"ig iltg"an"a. \T \exa { Die Telefonnummer ist nicht mehr \mbox{(0222) 5601-3694}. \\ Der Parameter \mbox{\textit{filename}} gibt den File\-namen an. } \exb \begin{verbatim} Die Telefonnummer ist nicht mehr (0222) 5601-3694 Der Parameter \mbox{\textit{filename}} Filenamen an \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Tusga\"i t"amd"ag} \subsubsection {Xashilt} Xashilt xi\"ix"ad xos xashiltyn (\verb:":) t"amdgi\"ig \textit{x"az"a"aq} b"u"u ashigla. Angli x"alni\"i tekst"and ish tatsan z"u\"ili\"ig oncgo\"iloxdoo buruu xarsan xos apostrofyg "ax"and xarin z"ow xarsnyg xo\"ino n\i\ taw{\i}j x"ar"agl"an"a. \T \exa {\smallskip ``No,'' he said, ``I don't know!'' } \exb \begin{verbatim} `` No,'' he said, ``I don't know!'' \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Mongol ba german tekst"and "o"or xashilt x"ar"agl"ad"ag. Jish"a"a: ,,"Ato citata''; <<"Ato citata>>. Angli x"alni\"i tekst"and orox xashiltyg shin"a makrokomandyg todorxo\"ilon xi\"ij bolox yum: \T \verb:\newcommand{\gr}{\mbox{,\hspace{-0.1em},\hspace{0.05em}}\nolinebreak};: \LMC Xarin gurwaljin xashiltyg xi\"ix"ad \verb"<<" ba \verb">>" t"amdg"u"udi\"ig ashiglaj bolno. \subsubsection{Bogino zuraas ba zurlaga} \LTX-d urtaaraa yalgagdax gurwan mayagi\"in zuraas ba zurlaguudyg ashigladag: \T\exa { An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\ A medium dash for number ranges, like~1--2.\\ A punctuation dash---like this. \mnr Oros teksti\"in xub{\i}d --- i\"im. } \exb \begin{verbatim} An intra word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray. A medium dash for number ranges, like 1--2. A punctuation dash---like this. \mnr Oros teksti\"in xub{\i}d --- i\"im. \end{verbatim} \exc \LMC \subsubsection{Cuwaa c"ag (\lat{dots})} Biqgi\"in mashinaar biqs"an z"u\"ild c"ag ba taslalyn t"amd"ag "usgi\"in "org"oni\"i x"amj"a"ani\"i za\"ig "az"ald"ag yum. Xarin yanz b"uri\"in x"awl"ald "adg"a"ar t"amdg"u"ud n\i\ urd "usgi\"in t"amd"agt"a\"ig"a"a shaxuu ba\"irladag. Zoxix za\"ita\"i cuwaa c"ag"and daraax komanduudyg x"ar"agl"an"a: \verb:\:\ltt{ldots} buyuu \verb:\:\ltt{dots}. \T \exa { Nicht so ... sondern so: \\ Wien, Graz, \dots } \exb \begin{verbatim} Nicht so ... sondern so: \\ Wien, Graz, \dots \end{verbatim} \exc \LMC \subsubsection{Ni\"ilm"al "us"ag} Nom x"awl"ald teksti\"in "uz"amji\"ig sa\"ijruulaxyn tuld zarim t"amdg"u"udi\"in xoorondox za\"ig bagasgaj ni\"ilm"al mayagi\"in "usgi\"ig "u"usg"as"an ba\"idag. Jish"a"a: \T \begin{verse} {\large ff fi fl AV Te\dots}\quad\LMC { orond}\T\quad {\large f\/f f\/i f\/l A\/V T\/e\dots} \end{verse} \LMC I\"im ni\"ilm"al "usg"u"udi\"ig "u"usg"axg"u\"i tuld \verb:\/: buyuu \T\verb:{\kern0pt}:\LMC\ komandyg ashiglana: \T \exa { Nicht Auflage (Au-fl-age) \\ sondern Auf\/lage (Auf-lage) } \exb \begin{verbatim} Nicht Auflage (Au-fl-age) \\ sondern Auf\/lage (Auf-lage) \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsubsection{"Org"olt ba "ow"orm"oc "usg"u"ud} \LTX\ programmyg x"ar"agl"asn"a"ar t"or"ol b"uri\"in "org"olt ba "ow"orm"oc "usgi\"ig x"awl"aj bolno. (x"usn"agt~\ref{akzente}-yg "uzm"u"u). Tus x"usn"agt"ad yanz b"uri\"in "org"olti\"ig b"ut"a"axi\"ig ``{o}'' "usgi\"in jish"a"an d"a"ar xaruulsan ba\"ina. \begin{table} \caption{"Org"olt ba "ow"orm"oc "usg"u"ud}\label{akzente} \oben{10cm} \T\let\eq=\= \let\aigu=\' \let\gra=\` \begin{tabbing} Wwod\quad \= Wywod \hspace{2cm}\= Wwod\quad \= Wywod \\[6pt] \verb|\`o | \> { \gra{o}} \> \verb|\'o | \> { \aigu{o}}\hfill \\ \verb|\^o | \> { \^o} \> \verb|\~o | \> { \~o}\\ \verb|\=o | \> { \eq{o}} \> \verb|\.o | \> { \.o}\\ \verb|\u o | \> { \u o} \> \verb|\v o | \> { \v o}\\ \verb|\H o | \> { \H o} \> \verb|\"o | \> { \"o }\\ \verb|\c o | \> { \c o} \> \verb|\d o | \> { \d o}\\ \verb|\b o | \> { \b o} \> \verb|\t oo| \> { \t oo}\\[6pt] \verb|\oe | \> { \oe } \> \verb|\OE | \> { \OE}\\ \verb|\ae | \> { \ae } \> \verb|\AE | \> { \AE}\\ \verb|\aa | \> { \aa } \> \verb|\AA | \> { \AA}\\ \verb|\o | \> { \o } \> \verb|\O | \> { \O}\\ \verb|\l | \> { \l } \> \verb|\L | \> { \L}\\ \verb|\i | \> { \i } \> \verb|\j | \> { \j}\\[6pt] {\tt !{}`} \> { !` } \> {\tt ?{}`} \> { ?`} \LMC \end{tabbing} \unten \end{table} \exa\T { %\umlauthigh % <------- H\^otel, na\"\i ve, sm\o rebr\o d. \\ \smallskip !`Se\~norita! } \exb \T\begin{verbatim} H\^otel, na\"\i ve, sm\o rebr\o d. \\ !`Se\~norita! \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Xooson za\"i} X"alci\"ig duusgaj bu\"i c"ag, asuultyn t"amd"ag g.\,m-i\"in daraagaar ara\"i urt x"amj"a"ani\"i xooson za\"ig orxino. "An"a n\i\ teksti\"ig unshixad d"ox"omt"a\"i bolgodog yum. Tom "usgi\"in daraagaar orj bu\"i c"ag"u"ud n\i\ xuraasan "ugi\"ig zaadag ba xarin busad c"ag"u"ud "og"u"ulb"ari\"ig t"ogsg"ol bolgodog x"am"a"an \LTX\ programm o\"ilgodog. I\"imd "og"u"ulb"ar xoorondox za\"i n\i\ "og"u"ulb"ar dotorxi "ugsi\"in xoorondox za\"ig bodwol awtomataar ara\"i urtaar tawigddag. \LTX-d tusga\"i xooson za\"i gargax komanduud ba\"idag. Xooson za\"ita\"i xamt tawigdsan buyuu naluu zuraas n\i\ (\verb*:\ :) xooson za\"iny x"amj"a"ag "o"orql"oxg"u\"ig zaana. Tilda t"amd"ag (\verb:~:) tus gazar za\"i "o"orql"ogd"oxg"u\"i ba daraagi\"in m"or"ond shiljixg"u\"i g"as"an utgata\"i yum. C"agi\"in "omn"o tawigdsan \verb:\@: komand n\i\ tus c"agi\"in urd tom "us"ag ba\"isan q "og"u"ulb"ar duussanyg iltg"an"a. \T\exa { Dazu z\"ahlen u.a.\ auch die \"Osterr.\ Bundesbahnen. \\ Dr.~Partl wohnt im 1.~Stock. \\ \dots\ 5~m breit. \\ Ich brauche Vitamin~C\@. Du nicht? } \exb \begin{verbatim} Dazu z\"ahlen u.a.\ auch die \"Osterr.\ Bundesbahnen. \\ Dr.~Partl wohnt im 1.~Stock. \\ \dots\ 5~m breit. \\ Ich brauche Vitamin~C\@. Du nicht? \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Mongol x"alni\"i tekst"u"ud}\label{sec:mongol} \LTX\ b"utci\"inx"a"a xuw{\i}d yamar n"ag x"alt"a\"i xatuu xolbooto\"i ba\"idagg"u\"i ba t"u"uni\"ig n"ag x"aln"a"as n"og"o"o x"al"and toxiruulj bolox yum. G"awq latin "us"ag kirill "usg"a"as "ul"amj yalgaata\"i uqir \LTX-i\"ig mongoljuulaxad n"al"a"ad x"ac"u"u ba\"iw. N.~Glonti ba A.~Samarin naryn zoxioson kirill shriftyg, \lat{O.~Corff} ba D.~Dorj naryn zoxioson mongol biqgiïg "und"asl"an \lat{Mon\TeX}-i\"in shrift"a"ar tus towq zaawryg x"awl"u"uls"an yum. \subsubsection{Garqig ba ognoo} Garqig, ognoo z"argi\"in ba\"irlal barimtyn angilalaas xamaarq todorxo\"ilogdono. Mongol x"alni\"i tekst"and tusga\"i mayaguudyg x"ar"agl"ad"ag. \ref{names}-r x"usn"agt"and angli, mongol xuwilbart x"ar"agl"ax garqguudyg "uz"u"uls"an bolno. Ognoo oruulax x"alb"ar mongol ba ameriki\"in standartand m"on yalgaata\"i ba\"idag: (1993 ony n"agd"ug"a"ar saryn 10), (\lat{January} 10, 1993). Daraax \lat{Mon\TeX}-i\"in komandyg mongol x"alni\"i garqig ognoog gargaxad x"ar"agl"an"a. \begin{quote}\T \verb:\usepackage[xalx]{mls}: \end{quote}\LMC \begin{table} \caption{Garqig} \label{names} \oben{12cm} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l|l|l} \lat{Command} & Angli & Mongol \\ \hline \ltt{\char92 prefacename} &\lat{Preface} & \prefacename\\ \ltt{\char92 refname} &\lat{References} & \refname\\ \ltt{\char92 abstractname} &\lat{Abstract} & \abstractname\\ \ltt{\char92 bibname} &\lat{Bibliography} & \bibname\\ \ltt{\char92 chaptername} &\lat{Chapter} & \chaptername\\ \ltt{\char92 appendixname} &\lat{Appendix} & \appendixname\\ \ltt{\char92 contentsname} &\lat{Contents} & \contentsname\\ \ltt{\char92 listfigurename} &\lat{List of Figures} & \listfigurename\\ \ltt{\char92 listtablename} &\lat{List of Tables} & \listtablename\\ \ltt{\char92 indexname} &\lat{Index} & \indexname\\ \ltt{\char92 figurename} &\lat{Figure} & \figurename\\ \ltt{\char92 tablename} &\lat{Table} & \tablename\\ \ltt{\char92 partname} &\lat{Part} & \partname\\ \ltt{\char92 enclname} &\lat{encl} & \enclname\\ \ltt{\char92 ccname} &\lat{cc} & \ccname\\ \ltt{\char92 headtoname} &\lat{To} & \headtoname\\ \ltt{\char92 pagename} &\lat{Page} & \pagename\\ \ltt{\char92 seename} &\lat{see} & \seename\\ \ltt{\char92 alsoname} &\lat{see also} & \alsoname\\ \end{tabular} \end{center} \unten \vskip6pt {\noindent\footnotesize Tus x"usn"agt"ad tuxa\"in zaawart x"ar"agl"as"an \lat{Mon\TeX} programmyn mongol garqguudyg x"ar"agl"as"an bolno.} \end{table} \subsubsection{X"amj"a"a} Ameriki\"in \lat{letter} standartand n\i\ $8\frac{1}{2}'' \times 11''$ buyuu $215 \times 279$~mm x"amj"a"ani\"i caasta\"i t"anc"ax yum. Xarin Ewrop ba Mongold m"ord"oj bu\"i A4-i\"in standart $210 \times 297$~mm buyuu $8\frac{1}{4}'' \times 11\frac{3}{4}''$ x"amj"a"at"a\"i ba\"idagi\"ig sanaj ba\"ix x"ar"agt"a\"i. \LTX\ programmyn barimtyn mayaguud golduu ameriki\"in standartand toxirson ba\"ina. Xuudsyn x"amj"a"ag format komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar "o"orqilj bolox yum (\pageref{form}-r xuudsand \S~\ref{form}-g "uzm"u"u). \subsubsection{"Ug taslax} Mongol "ug taslax c"asi\"in fa\"ilyg xi\"ix ajil duusaag"u\"i tul \lat{Mon\TeX} programmyn "ug taslax awtomat gorimyn ajillagaa odoogoor dutagdalta\"i ba\"ina. I\"imd "ug taslaxyn aldaa garsan toxioldold \ref{taslax}-d bu\"i komanduudyg ashiglaj bolno. %%% \subsubsection{Mongol x"al"a"ar biqigds"an texniki\"in zoxiolyn busad onclog} %%% %%% Tom{\y}yoond operator t"amdgi\"in dawtax ba\"idlyg anxaarax x"ar"agt"a\"i. Tekst"and %%% biqigd"aj bu\"i tom{\y}yoonuudad operatoruudyg taslax angli x"alni\"i z"u\"ig %%% ashiglaxyg z"owl"oj ba\"ina. %%% %%% XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %%% %%% tom{\y}yoond tom{\y}yoo taslax oros x"alni\"i d"urmi\"ig ashiglaj %%% bolno. Oros ba angli zoxiold zarim funkc"u"udi\"in n"ar yalgaata\"i ba\"ina. %%% Jish"a"a: tanh-th, %%% cosh-ch, %%% n.c.d. - n.o.k., g.\,m. %%% I\"im funkc"u"ud"ad shin"a makrokomand zoxiox buyuu \mbox{} komandyg ashiglax %%% x"ar"agt"a\"i. %%% %%% \subsection{Angi ba garqig (\lat{section})} Angi ba z"u\"ili\"in "ax"and \T\verb:\section{...}:\LMC\ komandyg oruulana. T"ag"axd"a"a logik daraallyg barimtlax n\i\ quxal. "Og"u"ul"ald: \begin{quote} \T\verb:\section \subsection \subsubsection:\LMC \end{quote} Ta\"ilan ba nomond: \begin{quote} \T\verb:\chapter \section \subsection \subsubsection:\LMC \end{quote} I\"imd "og"u"ulli\"ig nomyn b"ul"ag bolgon ba\"iguulax n\i\ amar ba\"idag. Z"u\"il xoorondyn za\"i, dugaarlal ba shriftyn x"amj"a"ag awtomataar toxiruulax yum. "Og"u"ul"ali\"in garqig buyuu n"u"ur xuudasyg \verb:\:\ltt{maketitle} komandaar oruulna. B"ulgi\"in teksti\"in "omn"o \verb:\:\ltt{title}, \verb:\:\ltt{author}, \verb:\:\ltt{date} g"as"an komanduudyg ba\"irluulax x"ar"agt"a\"i. \verb:\:\ltt{tableofcontents} komand n\i\ garqgi\"ig awtomataar ba\"iguulna. Ing"axd"a"a garqgi\"ig z"ow ba\"iguulaxyn tuld \LTX\ programmyg xoyor daxin yawuulax x"ar"agt"a\"i. M"on \verb:\:\ltt{section}\verb:*{...}: g"as"an komand q ba\"idag. Tus komandyg x"ar"agl"ax"ad garqigt dugaarlal ba zoxix z"u\"ili\"ig oruulaxg"u\"i ba\"ij bolox yum. Jish"a"ag xuudas~\pageref{dokument} zurag~\ref{dokument}-oos "uz"aj bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{label} ba \verb:\:\ltt{ref} komanduud tekst"and salaawqilsan ish tataltyg awtomataar ba\"iguulna. Jish"a"a: \T\begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} \section{Algorithmen} ... Der Beweis daf\"ur ist in Kapitel~\ref{bew} angegeben. ... \section{Beweise} \label{bew} ... \end{verbatim} \end{quote}\LMC \subsection{Z"u"ult} Z"u"ult"u"ud awtomataar dugaarlagdax b"og"o"od xuudsyn dood tald x"awl"agd"an garna. Z"u"ult\footnote{"An"a bol z"u"ult} awtomataar dugaarlagdana. \T\exa ~ \exb \begin{verbatim} Snoski\footnote {"An"a bol z"u"ult.} awtomataar dugaarlagdana. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{"Ug oncgo\"ilox (\lat{emphasize})} Biqgi\"in mashiny tekst"and oncgo\"ilox z"u\"ili\"ig ix"anxd"a"a dooguur n\i\ zurax b"og"o"od x"awl"ald ix"anx toxioldold biqm"al "usg"a"ar yalgaj "orn"o. \verb:\:\ltt{em} ba \verb:\:\ltt{emph}\verb:{...}: (\lat{emphasize}) komandyn daraagaar orson z"u\"ili\"ig \LTX\ program yalgaj biqix yum. \T\exa { Here is some silly {\em emphasized text}. } \exb \begin{verbatim} Here is some silly {\em emphasized text}. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \verb:\:\ltt{emph}\verb:{...}: komand bish, \verb:\:\ltt{em} komandyg x"ar"agl"aw"al, \LTX\ teksti\"ig biqm"al "usg"a"ar yalgaruulax b"og"o"od oncgo\"ilox yosto\"i z"u\"ili\"in daraagaar \verb:\/: komandyg tawix yosto\"i. Ing"asn"a"ar biqm"al ba aryn t"agsh "us"ag xoorondoo za\"ita\"i biqigd"an"a. \T\exa I told you that he {\em did}n't! \\ I told you that he {\em did\/}n't! \exb \begin{verbatim} I told you that he {\em did}n't! \\ I told you that he {\em did\/}n't! \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Orqin (\lat{Environments})} \label{env} Barimt yamar ba\"idalta\"igaar xaragdax yosto\"i g"adgi\"ig zaaxyn tuld \LTX-d barimtyn logik b"ut"ac bolox orqing todorxo\"ilox bolomj ba\"idag. Jish"a"al"ax"ad tus b"utci\"in maxbod n\i\ tekst dotorxi ishl"al q ba\"ij bolox yum. Logik maxbodyg zaaxyn tuld x"ar"agl"agq n\i\ t"u"uni\"ig tusga\"i komandyn "u"ur"ag b"uxi\"i xaaltand ba\"irluulax yosto\"i. \T\begin{quote} \verb|\begin{|{\it name\/}\verb|}|\quad {\it text\/}\quad \verb|\end{|{\it name\/}\verb|}| \end{quote}\LMC Komandyn xaaltuud n\i\ n"ag n"agni\"ix"a"a dotor aguulagdsan ba\"ij bolno. \T\begin{quote} \verb|\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}| \end{quote}\LMC \subsubsection{Ish tatsan z"u\"il ba sh"ul"ag} Bogino ishl"al, oncgo\"ilson x"all"ag, jish"a"a biqix"ad (\ltt{quote}) orqing x"ar"agl"an"a. \T\exa { Our presidents have been known for their pithy remarks. \begin{quote} The buck stops here.\\ {\em Harry Truman} \bigskip I am not a crook.\\ {\em Richard Nixon} \end{quote} } \exb \begin{verbatim} Our presidents have been known for their pithy remarks. \begin{quote} The buck stops here.\\ {\em Harry Truman} I am not a crook.\\ {\em Richard Nixon} \end{quote} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Xarin n"ag"a"as il"u"u dogol m"or aguulsan teksti\"ig ish tataxad \ltt{quotation} orqing x"ar"agl"an"a. {\Sh}"ul"agl"as"an teksti\"ig x"awl"ax"ad \ltt{verse} orqing x"ar"agl"ax yum. M"orni\"i shiljilti\"ig \verb:\\: komandaar xi\"in"a. \subsubsection{C"as (\lat{itemize, enumerate, description})} \ltt{itemize} (zurag~\ref{item}), \ltt{enumerate} (zurag~\ref{enum}), \ltt{description} (zurag~\ref{desc}) orqnuud n\i\ c"as ba\"iguulaxad x"ar"agl"agd"an"a. \T\begin{figure}[hbpt] \oben{\textwidth} \exa { \begin{itemize} \item Each list item is marked with a {\it itemize\/}. The labels in this itemized list are bullets. \item Lists can be nested within one another. \begin{itemize} \item The maximum number of enclosings is 4. \item Switching and marking of items is automatic. \end{itemize} \item And so on. \end{itemize} } \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{itemize} \item Each list item is marked with a {\it itemize\/}. The labels in this itemized list are bullets. \item Lists can be nested within one another. \begin{itemize} \item The maximum number of enclosings is 4. \item Switching and marking of items is automatic. \end{itemize} \item And so on. \end{itemize} \end{verbatim} \exc \unten \caption{\ltt{itemize}\xalx{-i\"in jish"a"a}}\label{item} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \oben{\textwidth} \exa { \begin{enumerate} \item The item labels in an enumerate list are numerals or letters. \item A list should have at least two items. \begin{enumerate} \item The maximum number of enclosings is 4. \item Switching and marking of items is automatic. \end{enumerate} \item And so on. \end{enumerate} } \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{enumerate} \item The item labels in an enumerate list are numerals or letters. \item A list should have at least two items. \begin{enumerate} \item The maximum number of enclosings is 4. \item Switching and marking of items is automatic. \end{enumerate} \item And so on. \end{enumerate} \end{verbatim} \exc \unten \caption{\ltt{enumerate}\xalx{-i\"in jish"a"a}}\label{enum} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \oben{\textwidth} \exa { Three animals you should know about are:} \begin{description} { \item[gnat] \tolerance9000 A small animal, found in the North Woods, that causes no end of trouble. \item[gnu] A large animal, found in crossword puzzles, that causes no end of trouble. \item[armadillo] A medium-sized animal, named after a medium-sized Texas city.} \end{description} \exb \begin{verbatim} Three animals you should know about are: \begin{description} \item[gnat] A small animal, found in the Nort Woods, that causes no end of trouble. \item[gnu] A large animal, found in crossword puzzles, that causes no end of trouble. \item[armadillo] A medium-sized animal, named after a medium-sized Texas city. \end{description} \end{verbatim} \exc \unten \caption{\ltt{description}-\xalx{y jish"a"a}} \label{desc} \end{figure} \LMC \pagebreak[3] \subsubsection{Z"u"un, baruun talyn oruulalt, t"ow toxiruulax (\lat{flushleft, flushright, center})} \ltt{flushleft} ba \ltt{flushright} orqnuud n\i\ teksti\"in "og"u"ulb"ar"u"udi\"ig baruun ba z"u"un tald shilj"u"uln"a. Xarin \ltt{center} orqin n\i\ teksti\"ig xuudasny gold ba\"irluulna. Daraagi\"in m"orl"u"u shiljix"ad \verb:\\: komandyg ashiglana. X"ar"aw \verb:\\: komand "og"ogd"oxg"u\"i ba\"iwal \LTX\ m"or"u"udi\"ig awtomataar xuwaax bolno. \T\exa { \begin{flushleft} This text \\ is flushed to left \end{flushleft} } \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{flushleft} This text \\ is flushed to left \end{flushleft} \end{verbatim} \exc \exa { \begin{flushright} This text \\ is flushed to right \end{flushright} } \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{flushright} This text \\ is flushed to right \end{flushright} \end{verbatim} \exc \exa { \begin{center} This \\ text \\ is centered \end{center} } \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{center} This \\ text \\ is centered \end{center} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsubsection{"Ugqil"an buulgax (\lat{verbatim, verb})} \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{verbatim}\verb:}: ba \verb:\:\ltt{end}\verb:{:\ltt{verbatim}\verb:}: x"am"a"ax komandyn xashiltuud tany oruulsan teksti\"ig \LTX-yn komanduudta\"i xamtaar t"ar qig"a"ar n\i\ x"awl"ax yum. Programmuudyg xuudaslan gargaxad ashigta\"i. Teksti\"ig xoyor ijil komanduudyn xoorond ba\"irluulax x"ar"agt"a\"i. \T\exa { The \verb|\dots|-command \dots } \exb \begin{verbatim} The \verb|\dots|-command \dots \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsubsection{Zurag (\lat{figure})} \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{figure}\verb:}: ba \verb:\:\ltt{end}\verb:{:\ltt{figure}\verb:}: komanduudyn xoorondox bolon zuragi\"in ba\"irlalyg zaax \verb:\:\ltt{vspace} komandta\"i tekst"u"udi\"ig awtomataar o\"ir toxirson gazart ba\"irluulna. \verb"\"\ltt{caption}\verb"{...}" komandyn tuslamjta\"igaar zurgi\"in n"ari\"ig ba\"irluulax yum. T"ag"axd"a"a z"owx"on n"arl"ax teksti\"ig oruulax b"og"o"od <> x"am"a"ax "ugi\"ig ba dugaaryg \LTX\ programm "o"or"o"o n"amj xadna. Olny zanshsanaar zurgi\"in door garyn "usg"a"a tawix juramta\"i. \verb:\:\lat{label} ba \verb:\:\lat{ref} komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar zurgi\"in door garyn "us"ag ba zaaltyg tawij bolox yum. \exa { Zurag~\ref{weiss} --- "an"a n\i\ Pop-Artyn jish"a"a. } \exb\T \begin{verbatim} Zurag~\ref{weiss} --- "an"a n\i\ Pop-Artyn jish"a"a. \begin{figure} \vspace{6cm} \caption{I.~Iwanow. Cas} \label{weiss} \end{figure} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \begin{figure} \vspace{6cm} \caption{ I.~Iwanow. Cas} \label{weiss} \end{figure} \subsubsection{X"usn"agt (\lat{table})} X"usn"agti\"ig zurgi\"in adil ashiglax b"og"o"od \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{table}\verb:}: ba \verb:\:\ltt{end}\verb:{:\ltt{table}\verb:}: komanduudyn xoorond ba\"irluulna. \verb:\:\ltt{caption}, \verb:\:\ltt{label} ba \verb:\:\ltt{ref} komanduud n\i\ d"a"arxi adil "u\"ilqiln"a. X"usn"agti\"in n"ari\"ig x"usn"agti\"in door buyuu ix"anx toxioldold d"a"ar n\i\ ba\"irluulna. X"usn"agt"u"udi\"ig xawsruulaxad golduu \ltt{tabbing}- buyuu \ltt{tabular}-orqing ashiglana. Busad "o"or (\ltt{enumerate} buyuu \ltt{description}) orqing q ashiglaj bolox yum. "Adg"a"ar b"utci\"ig ashiglax jish"a"ag zurag~\ref{table}-oos "uz"aj bolox yum. \begin{figure}[hbtp] \oben{8cm}\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{table} \caption{...} \label{...} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{...} ... \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} \end{verbatim} \unten\LMC \caption{X"usn"agti\"in \ltt{table} orqing ba\"iguulax} \label{table} \end{figure} \subsubsection{Tabulyac (\lat{tabbing})} \ltt{tabbing} orqind teksti\"in tabulyaci\"in gorimyg ashiglaj bolno. \verb:\=: komand tabulyaryn ba\"irlalyg togtoono. \verb:\:\ltt{kill} komand tuxa\"in m"ori\"ig x"awl"u"ul"axg"u\"i g"as"an "u"ur"agt"a\"i. \verb:\>: komand daraagi\"in tabulyart shilj"u"uln"a. \verb:\\: komand n\i\ m"or salgax "u"ur"agt"a\"i ba\"ina. \T\exa { The {\tt tabbing} environment starts a new line. \begin{tabbing} Armadillo \= Armament \= \kill Gnat \> Gnu \> Gnome \\ Armadillo \> Armament \> Armorer \end{tabbing} The text that follows starts on a new line, \dots } \exb \begin{verbatim} The {\tt tabbing} environment starts a new line. \begin{tabbing} Armadillo \= Armament \= \kill Gnat \> Gnu \> Gnome \\ Armadillo \> Armament \> Armorer \end{tabbing} The text that follows starts on a new line, \dots \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsubsection{X"usn"agt ba\"iguulax (\lat{tabular})} \ltt{tabular} orqin x"usn"agt ba\"irluulax b"og"o"od \LTX\ programm n\i\ bagany shaardagdax "org"oni\"ig awtomataar togtooj "ogn"o. \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{tabular}\verb:}{...}: komandyn xaaltand bu\"i parametr n\i\ bagana b"uri\"in maxbodyg t"agshl"ax argyg zaana: \ltt{(l)} teksti\"ig z"u"un tald, \ltt{(r)} baruun tald, \ltt{(c)} t"owd tus tus ba\"irluulna; \verb:(:\ltt{p}\verb:{:\lit{width}\verb:}): parametr olon m"ort teksti\"in "og"ogds"an "org"ont"a\"i baganyg todorxo\"ilno. Bosoo zuraas (\verb:|:) n\i\ bosoo shugam ba\"iguulna. X"usn"agt d"ax\i\ \verb:&: t"amd"ag daraagi\"in baganad, \verb:\\: t"amd"ag daraagi\"in m"or"ond shiljixi\"ig tus tus zaana. \verb:\:\ltt{hline} x"awt"a"a zuraasyg zurna. \T\exa \vspace{0pt plus 1cm} \begin{tabular}{|rl|} \hline 7CO & hexadecimal \\ 3700 & octal \\ 11111000000 & binary \\ 1984 & decimal \\ \hline \end{tabular} \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{tabular}{|rl|} \hline 7CO & hexadecimal \\ 3700 & octal \\ 11111000000 & binary \\ 1984 & decimal \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \clearpage \section{{\mnr Matematik tom{\y}yoo oruulax}} \subsection{Er"onxi\"i z"u\"il} Dogol m"orti\"in dotorx teksti\"in matematik x"asg"u"udi\"ig \verb"\(" ba \verb"\)", "asw"al \verb"$" ba \verb"$", "asw"al \verb:\:\ltt{begin\{math\}} ba \verb:\:\ltt{end\{math\}}-yn xoorond ba\"irluulna. Matematiki\"in b"ur"an tom{\y}yoo, x"amjigd"ax"u"un"u"udi\"ig t"amd"agl"as"an n"agj"u"ud, grek "us"ag, tekst"and bu\"i d"a"ad ba dood tow{\y}yog, busad oncgo\"i t"amd"agl"a"an"u"ud c"om matematik tekst"and xamaaragdana. \exa X"ar"aw $a$ ba $b$~--- katetuud $c$~--- gipotenuz ba\"iwal, $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$ bolno\\ (Pifagoryn teorem). \exb\T \begin{verbatim} X"ar"aw $a$ ba $b$~--- katetuud $c$~--- gipotenuz ba\"iwal, $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$ bolno\\ (Pifagoryn teorem). \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \T\exa {\TeX\ spricht man wie $\tau\epsilon\chi$ aus.\\[6pt] 100~m$^{2}$ Nutzfl\"ache \\[6pt] Mit $\heartsuit$-lichen Gr\"u\ss en} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \TeX spricht man wie $\tau\epsilon\chi$ aus.\\ 100~m$^{2}$ Nutzfl\"ache\\ Mit $\heartsuit$-lichen Gr\"u\ss en \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Urt x"amj"a"ani\"i matematik tom{\y}yoo bolon t"anc"atg"al"u"udi\"ig n"ag m"or"ond bagtaan oruulax n\i\ toxiromjto\"i ba\"idag. "U"uni\"i tuld "adg"a"ari\"ig \verb:\[: ba \verb:\]:, \verb:$$: ba \verb:$$: xoorond ba\"irluulna. X"ar"aw t"agshitg"ali\"in dugaaryg tawix shaardlagata\"i bol tus t"agshitg"ali\"ig \verb:\:\ltt{begin\{displaymath\}} ba \verb:\:\ltt{end\{displaymath\}}-yn xoorond oruulj biqn"a. T"agshitg"ali\"ig dugaarlax shaardlagag"u\"i bol t"u"uni\"ig \verb:\:\ltt{begin\{equation\}} ba \verb:\:\ltt{end\{equation\}}-ny xoorond ba\"irluulax n\i\ z"u\"it"a\"i. \exa X"ar"aw $a$ ba $b$~--- katetuud, $c$~--- gipotenuz ba\"iwal $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$, \begin{equation} c = \sqrt{ a^{2}+b^{2} } \end{equation} (Pifagoryn teorem) \exb\T \begin{verbatim} X"ar"aw $a$ ba $b$~--- katetuud, $c$~--- gipotenuz ba\"iwal $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$, \begin{equation} c = \sqrt{ a^{2}+b^{2} } \end{equation} (Pifagoryn teorem) \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Tekst"and ba\"igaa t"agshitg"al"u"udi\"ig \verb:\:\ltt{label} ba \verb:\:\ltt{ref} komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar dugaarlaj bolno. \T\exa \begin{equation} \label{eps} \epsilon > 0 \end{equation} { From the inequality (\ref{eps}) follows \dots} \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin{equation} \label{eps} \epsilon > 0 \end{equation} { From the inequality (\ref{eps}) follows \dots} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Matematik gorim n\i\ "angi\"in tekst oruulax gorimoos dor durdsan z"u\"il"a"ar yalgaata\"i: \begin{enumerate} \item Gargasan xooson za\"i ba daraagi\"in m"or"ond oruulsan shiljilti\"ig tus programm n\i\ "ul x"ar"ags"an"a. B"ux xooson za\"i matematik il"arxi\"il"alt"u"udi\"in logiki\"ig "und"asl"an awtomataar togtoogdox buyuu \verb:\,: "asw"al \verb:\:\ltt{qquad} komanduudaar "og"ogd"on"o. \T\exa \begin {equation} \forall x \in {\rm R}: \qquad x^{2} \geq 0 \end{equation} \exb \begin{verbatim} \begin {equation} \forall x \in {\rm R}: \qquad x^{2} \geq 0 \end{equation} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \item Xooson m"or gargaxyg xoriglono (matematik tom{\y}yoonuud n"ag m"orti\"in dotor bagtaj orson ba\"ix yosto\"i). \item Salangi "us"ag bolgonyg x"amjigd"ax"u"uni\"i n"ar x"am"a"an "uz"aj zoxix yosoor n\i\ oruulna (n"am"alt za\"i ba biqm"al "usgi\"in x"alb"ar"a"ar). X"ar"aw matematik tekst"and "angi\"in teksti\"ig oruulax shaardlagata\"i ba\"iwal ("angi\"in za\"i b"uxi\"i bosoo "usgi\"in x"alb"ar"a"ar) t"u"uni\"ig \verb:\:\ltt{mbox\{...\}}-yn dotor biqix x"ar"agt"a\"i. \T\exa \begin{equation} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad mbox{for all}\ x \in {\rm R} \end{equation} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{equation} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad mbox{for all}\ x \in {\rm R} \end{equation} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \end{enumerate} \subsection{Matematik tom{\y}yoonuudyn maxbod} Tus z"u\"ild matematik tom{\y}yoonuudad x"ar"agl"agd"ax quxal maxbodyn tuxa\"i "og"u"ul"ax bolno. B"ux x"ar"agl"agd"aj bu\"i t"amd"agt"u"udi\"in jagsaaltyg \S~\ref{symbols}-aas "uz"aj bolno. \bigskip Jijig \textbf{grek "usgi\"ig} \verb:\:\ltt{alpha}, \verb:\:\ltt{beta}, \verb:\:\ltt{gamma} g.\,m. bicix b"og"o"od xarin tom grek "usgi\"ig \verb:\:\lat{Gamma}, \verb:\:\lat{Delta}, g.\,m.-"a"ar oruulna. \T\exa $\lambda, \xi, \pi, \mu, \Phi, \Omega $ \exb \begin{verbatim} $\lambda, \xi, \pi, \mu, \Phi, \Omega $ \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Olon yanzyn \textbf{matematik t"amd"agt"u"udi\"ig} x"arx"an oruulax tuxa\"i (jish"a"alb"al $\in$, $\Rightarrow$ ba $\infty$) \S~\ref{symbols}-aas "uzm"u"u. \bigskip \textbf{Z"argi\"in iltg"ac} ba \textbf{indeks"u"udi\"ig} m"ori\"in d"a"arxi \verb:^: ba doorxi \verb:_: t"amdg"u"udi\"in tuslamjta\"igaar oruulax yum. \T\exa $a_{1}$ \qquad $x^{2}$ \qquad $e^{-\alpha t}$ \qquad $a^{3}_{ij}$ \exb\T \begin{verbatim} $a_{1}$ \qquad $x^{2}$ \qquad $e^{-\alpha t}$ \qquad $a^{3}_{ij}$ \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Yazguuryn t"amd"ag}\verb:\:\ltt{sqrt} komand, \lit{n}-z"argi\"in yazguuryn t"amd"ag n\i\ \verb:\:\ltt{sqrt[}\lit{n}\verb:]: komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar tus tus ba\"iguulagdana. Yazguur t"amdgi\"in x"amj"a"ag \LTX\ programm awtomataar toxiruulna. \exa $\sqrt{x}$ \qquad $\sqrt{ x^{2}+\sqrt{y} }$ \qquad $\sqrt[3]{2}$ \exb\T \begin{verbatim} $\sqrt{x}$ \qquad $\sqrt{ x^{2}+\sqrt{y} }$ \qquad $\sqrt[3]{2}$ \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \verb:\:\ltt{overline} ba \verb:\:\ltt{underline} komanduud tom{\y}yoollyn d"a"ar buyuu door n\i\ x"awt"a"a zuraas ba\"iguulna. \exa $\overline{m+n}$ \exb\T \begin{verbatim} $\overline{m+n}$ \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \verb:\:\ltt{overbrace} ba \verb:\:\ltt{underbrace} komanduud tom{\y}yoollyn d"a"ar buyuu dor n\i\ \textbf{x"awt"a"a xashilt} ba\"iguulna. \exa $\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}$ \exb\T \begin{verbatim} $\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}$ \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Matematik x"amjigd"ax"u"un"u"udi\"in d"a"ar til{\i}da, "org"olt m"ati\"in onclox t"amdg"u"udi\"ig ba\"iguulaxyg~\ref{mathakz}-r x"usn"agt"a"as todorxo\"i xarj bolox yum. Guraw x"urt"alxi t"amd"agt"u"udi\"ig xamarsan ara\"i urt til{\i}da ba <> t"amdg"u"udi\"ig ba\"iguulaxyn tuld \verb:\:\ltt{widetilde} buyuu \verb:\:\ltt{widehat} komanduutyg ashiglax yum. Ulamjlalyn x"amjigd"ax"u"un"u"udi\"in t"amdg"u"ud n\i\ apostrof (\verb:':) t"amdg"a"ar "og"ogd"on"o. \exa \begin{displaymath} y=x^{2} \qquad y'=2x \qquad y''=2 \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} y=x^{2} \qquad y'=2x \qquad y''=2 \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Tekst"and matematik \textbf{funkcuudyg} d"a"ar "og"u"uls"an x"amjigd"ax"u"un"u"udi\"in adilaar biqm"al shrift"a"ar bish xarin bosoo shrift"a"ar "og"ogd"on"o. "U"uni\"i tuld daraax komanduudyg ashiglaj bolox yum: \T\begin{verbatim} \arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh \end{verbatim}\LMC Modul\i-funkc"u"udi\"ig ba\"iguulaxad daraax komanduudyg ashiglana: \verb:\:\ltt{bmod} $a \bmod b$ xos operatoryn; \verb:\:\ltt{pmod} mayagi\"in $x\equiv a \pmod{b}$ il"arxi\"illi\"ig ba\"iguulaxad. \exa \begin{displaymath} \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} =1 \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} =1 \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Butarxa\"i toog} \verb:\:\ltt{frac}\verb:{...}{...}: komandaar oruulna. "Angi\"in butarxa\"i toond \verb:/: operatoryg x"ar"agl"aj bolno. \exa $1\frac{1}{2}$~{ of hour} \begin{displaymath} \frac{ x^{2} }{ k+1 }\qquad x^{ \frac{2}{k+1} }\qquad x^{ 1/2 } \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} $1\frac{1}{2}$~of hour \begin{displaymath} \frac{ x^{2} }{ k+1 }\qquad x^{ \frac{2}{k+1} }\qquad x^{ 1/2 } \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Binominal iltg"alc"u"ur} \ltt{\{...\char92 choose...\}} x"alb"ar"a"ar "og"ogds"on ba\"ij bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{atop} komandyn tuslamjta\"igaar xaaltg"u\"i il"arxi\"il"ali\"ig ba\"iguulax yum. \exa \begin{displaymath} { n \choose k } \qquad { x\atop y+2 } \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} { n \choose k } \qquad { x\atop y+2 } \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \medskip \textbf{Comtgogq} (\lat{integral}) n\i\ \verb:\:\ltt{int} komandaar, xarin ni\"ilb"ar \verb:\:\ltt{sum} komandaar "og"ogd"ox yum. Integralqlalyn bolon ni\"ilb"ari\"in d"a"ad, dood xyazgaar \verb:^: ba \verb:_: t"amdg"a"ar "og"ogd"on"o. Integral t"amdgi\"in d"a"ad ba dood tald xyazgaar tawixad \verb:\:\ltt{limits} komandyg ashiglax x"ar"agt"a\"i. Teksti\"in dotor bolon \verb:\:\ltt{nolimits} komandyg ashiglax "ued"a"a ni\"ilb"ari\"in xyazgaaryg ni\"ilb"ari\"in t"amdgi\"in xajuud tawix b"og"o"od busad toxioldold tus t"amdgi\"in d"a"ad buyuu dood tald n\i\ ba\"irluulna. \exa \begin{displaymath} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \int \limits_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \int \limits_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Xaalt} buyuu busad xyazgaaryg ba\"iguulaxad \TeX-i\"in dotor yanz b"uri\"in t"amdg"u"ud ba\"idag (jish"a"alb"al: $[\;\langle\;\|\;\updownarrow$). Dugu\"i ba "oncg"on xaaltyg garaas oruulj bolox b"og"o"od ix xaaltyg \verb:\{: t"amdgi\"ig ashiglan ba\"iguulna. Busad xaaltyg \verb:\:\ltt{updownarrow} m"ati\"in tusga\"i komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar oruulj bolox yum. X"ar"aw n"a"ax xaaltyn "omn"o \verb:\:\ltt{left} xaax xaaltyn "omn"o \verb:\:\ltt{right} komanduudyg ba\"irluulbal xaaltyn z"ow x"amj"a"a awtomataar "og"ogd"ox bolno. \exa \begin{displaymath} 1 + \left( \frac{1}{ 1-x^{2} } \right) ^3 \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} 1 + \left( \frac{1}{ 1-x^{2} } \right) ^3 \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC Xaaltyn x"amj"a"ag "o"orsd"o"o songon oruulaxyn tuld \verb:\:\ltt{left} komandyn orond -- \verb:\:\ltt{bigl}, \verb:\:\ltt{Bigl}, \verb:\:\ltt{Biggl} komanduudyg xarin \verb:\:\ltt{right} komandyn orond -- \verb:\:\ltt{bigr}, \verb:\:\ltt{Bigr}, \verb:\:\ltt{Biggr} komanduudyg ashiglana. \exa \begin{displaymath} \Bigl( (x+1) (x-1) \Bigr) ^{2} \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} \Bigl( (x+1) (x-1) \Bigr) ^{2} \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Cuwaa c"ag} x"awl"ax"ad \verb:\:\ltt{ldots} ba \verb:\:\ltt{cdots} komanduudyg oruulj bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{ldots} komand n\i\ cuwaa c"agi\"ig "unds"an shugamand ba\"irluulax b"og"o"od \verb:\:\ltt{cdots} komand "adg"a"ari\"ig m"ori\"in dund n\i\ ba\"iguulj "ogn"o. "U"un"a"as gadna bosoo ba naluu cuwaa c"ag ba\"iguulaxyn tuld \verb:\:\ltt{vdots} (bosoo), \verb:\:\ltt{ddots} (naluu) komanduudyg x"ar"agl"an"a. \exa \begin{displaymath} x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n} \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n} \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Tom{\y}yoo dotorxi za\"i} X"ar"aw \TeX-i\"in songoson \textbf{za\"i} tand taalagdaxg"u\"i bol "adg"a"ari\"ig door dur{\i}dsan tusga\"i komanduudyg ashiglan "o"orqilj bolox yum. Gol komanduudaas dur{\i}daxad: \verb:\,: komandyg mash bogino za\"i, \verb:\;: komandyg dund x"amj"a"ani\"i za\"i, \verb:\:\ltt{quad} ba \verb:\:\ltt{qquad} komanduudyg tom x"amj"a"ani\"i za\"i gargaxad x"ar"agl"an"a. \verb:\!: komandyg n"ag"ant bi\"i bolson za\"ig bagasgaxad ashiglana. \exa \begin{displaymath} F_{n} = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} \qquad n \ge 2 \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} F_{n} = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} \qquad n \ge 2 \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \exa \begin{displaymath} \int\!\!\!\int_{D} dx\,dy \quad \mbox{\lrm{instead of}} \quad \int\int_{D} dx dy \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} \int\!\!\!\int_{D} dx\,dy \quad \mbox{instead of} \quad \int\int_{D} dx dy \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsection{Olon m"ort tom{\y}yoo} \textbf{Matricuudyn} xuw{\i}d \ltt{tabular}-orqinto\"i ijil ajillagaata\"i \ltt{array}-orqin ba\"idag. \verb:\\: komand n\i\ daraagi\"in m"ord shilj"u"uln"a. \exa \begin{displaymath} {\bf X} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \end{displaymath} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{displaymath} {\bf X} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \end{displaymath} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{Olon m"ort} tom{\y}yoo buyuu t"agshitg"ali\"in sistemd \ltt{equation}-y orond \ltt{eqnarray} ba \ltt{eqnarray*} orqing x"ar"agl"an"a. \ltt{eqnarray} orqing x"ar"agl"ax"ad t"agshitg"al bolon dugaarlagdana. \ltt{eqnarray*} ba \ltt{displaymath} orqing x"ar"agl"ax toxioldold t"agshitg"ali\"ig dugaarlaxg"u\"i. \emph{N"ag} ijil dugaar b"uxi\"i t"agshitg"ali\"in sistemd \ltt{equation} dotorxi \ltt{array} orqing x"ar"agl"aj bolno. \ltt{eqnarray} ba \ltt{eqnarray*} orqnuud n\i\ \verb:{:\ltt{rcl}\verb:}: x"alb"ari\"in gurwan baganat x"usn"agti\"in adilaar "u\"ilqiln"a. Xarin dundax baganad t"anc"atg"al buyuu t"anc"atg"al busyn t"amdg"u"udi\"ig oruulax yum. "U"uni\"i daraagaar "agn"a"an"u"udi\"ig t"agshl"ax n\i\ z"u\"it"a\"i. \verb:\\: komand daraagi\"in m"ord shilj"u"uln"a. \exa \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \cos x \\ f'(x) & = & -\sin x \\ \int_{0}^{x} f(y)dy & = & \sin x \end{eqnarray} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \cos x \\ f'(x) & = & -\sin x \\ \int_{0}^{x} f(y)dy & = & \sin x \end{eqnarray} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \textbf{D"and"u"u urt t"agshitg"al"u"udi\"ig} \LTX\ programm n\i\ awtomataar daraagi\"in m"ord shilj"u"ul"axg"u\"i. Zoxiogq yamar gazart daraagi\"in m"ord shiljilt xi\"ixi\"ig "o"or"o"o todorxo\"ilox x"ar"agt"a\"i yum. Ix"anx toxioldold daraax xoyor xuwilbaryn n"agi\"ig x"ar"agl"an"a: \exa \begin{eqnarray} \sin x & = & x -\frac{x^{3}}{3!} +\frac{x^{5}}{5!} - \nonumber\\ & & -\frac{x^{7}}{7!} + \cdots \end{eqnarray} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{eqnarray} \sin x & = & x -\frac{x^{3}}{3!} +\frac{x^{5}}{5!} - \nonumber\\ & & -\frac{x^{7}}{7!} + \cdots \end{eqnarray} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \exa \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{ \cos x = 1 -\frac{x^{2}}{2!} + } \nonumber\\ & & +\frac{x^{4}}{4!} -\frac{x^{6}}{6!} + \cdots \end{eqnarray} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{ \cos x = 1 -\frac{x^{2}}{2!} + } \nonumber\\ & & +\frac{x^{4}}{4!} -\frac{x^{6}}{6!} + \cdots \end{eqnarray} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \verb:\:\ltt{nonumber} komand t"agshitg"ali\"ig tuxa\"in gazart dugaarlaxg"u\"i ba\"ixyg zaana. \verb:\:\ltt{lefteqn} komand t"arshitg"ali\"ig \verb:\:\ltt{eqnarray} orqind taslax bolomji\"ig olgono. "U"uni\"i tuxa\"i \manual-"a"as d"alg"ar"ang"u\"i "uz"aj bolno. \subsection{Matematik t"amdg"u"udi\"in jagsaalt}\label{symbols} \def\beginsymbols{\T\begin{tabbing} \hspace{1cm}\=\hspace{3.5cm}\= \hspace{1cm}\=\hspace{3.5cm}\= \hspace{1cm}\=\hspace{3.5cm}\= \kill } \def\endsymbols{\LMC\end{tabbing}} Tekst ba matematiki\"in gorimd ashiglagdax t"amdg"u"udi\"ig daraax x"usn"agt"u"ud"a"as "uz"aj bolno. \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Matematik bus t"amdg"u"ud} \bigskip Daraax t"amdg"u"udi\"ig teksti\"in gorimd x"ar"agl"an"a: \beginsymbols \dag \> \verb|\dag| \>\S \> \verb|\S| \> \copyright \> \verb|\copyright| \\ \ddag \> \verb|\ddag| \> \P \> \verb|\P| \> \pounds \> \verb|\pounds| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Matematik onclox t"amdg"u"ud} \label{mathakz} \T \begin{tabbing} \hspace{1cm}\=\hspace{2cm}\= \hspace{3cm}\=\hspace{2cm}\= \hspace{2cm} \kill \> \verb|\hat a| \> $\hat a$ \> \verb|\check a| \> $\check a$ \\ \> \verb|\tilde a| \> $\tilde a$ \> \verb|\acute a| \> $\acute a$ \\ \> \verb|\grave a| \> $\grave a$ \> \verb|\dot a| \> $\dot a$ \\ \> \verb|\ddot a| \> $\ddot a$ \> \verb|\breve a| \> $\breve a$ \\ \> \verb|\bar a| \> $\bar a$ \> \verb|\vec a| \> $\vec a$ \end{tabbing} \LMC \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Biqm"al grek "usg"u"ud} \beginsymbols $\alpha $\> \verb|\alpha| \>$\iota $\> \verb|\iota| \> $\varrho $\> \verb|\varrho| \\ $\beta $\> \verb|\beta| \>$\kappa $\> \verb|\kappa| \> $\sigma $\> \verb|\sigma| \\ $\gamma $\> \verb|\gamma| \>$\lambda $\> \verb|\lambda| \> $\varsigma $\> \verb|\varsigma| \\ $\delta $\> \verb|\delta| \>$\mu $\> \verb|\mu| \>$\tau $\> \verb|\tau| \\ $\epsilon $\> \verb|\epsilon| \>$\nu $\> \verb|\nu| \> $\upsilon $\> \verb|\upsilon| \\ $\varepsilon $\> \verb|\varepsilon| \>$\xi $\> \verb|\xi| \> $\phi $\> \verb|\phi| \\ $\zeta $\> \verb|\zeta| \>$o $\> \verb|o| \>$\varphi $\> \verb|\varphi| \\ $\eta $\> \verb|\eta| \>$\pi $\> \verb|\pi| \>$\chi $\> \verb|\chi| \\ $\theta $\> \verb|\theta| \>$\varpi $\> \verb|\varpi| \> $\psi $\> \verb|\psi| \\ $\vartheta $\> \verb|\vartheta| \>$\rho $\> \verb|\rho| \> $\omega $\> \verb|\omega| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Tom grek "usg"u"ud} \beginsymbols $\Gamma $\> \verb|\Gamma| \>$\Xi $\> \verb|\Xi| \>$\Phi $\> \verb|\Phi| \\ $\Delta $\> \verb|\Delta| \>$\Pi $\> \verb|\Pi| \>$\Psi $\> \verb|\Psi| \\ $\Theta $\> \verb|\Theta| \>$\Sigma $\> \verb|\Sigma| \> $\Omega $\> \verb|\Omega| \\ $\Lambda $\> \verb|\Lambda| \>$\Upsilon $\> \verb|\Upsilon| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Yanz b"uri\"in tusga\"i t"amdg"u"ud} \beginsymbols $\aleph $\> \verb|\aleph| \>$\prime $\> \verb|\prime| \> $\forall $\> \verb|\forall| \\ $\hbar $\> \verb|\hbar| \>$\emptyset $\> \verb|\emptyset| \> $\exists $\> \verb|\exists| \\ $\imath $\> \verb|\imath| \>$\nabla $\> \verb|\nabla| \> $\neg $\> \verb|\neg| \\ $\jmath $\> \verb|\jmath| \>$\surd $\> \verb|\surd| \> $\flat $\> \verb|\flat| \\ $\ell $\> \verb|\ell| \>$\top $\> \verb|\top| \> $\natural $\> \verb|\natural| \\ $\wp $\> \verb|\wp| \>$\bot $\> \verb|\bot| \>$\sharp $\> \verb|\sharp| \\ $\Re $\> \verb|\Re| \>$\Vert $\> \verb.\|. \>$\clubsuit $\> \verb|\clubsuit| \\ $\Im $\> \verb|\Im| \>$\angle $\> \verb|\angle| \>$\diamondsuit $\> \verb|\diamondsuit| \\ $\partial $\> \verb|\partial| \>$\triangle $\> \verb|\triangle| \> $\heartsuit $\> \verb|\heartsuit| \\ $\infty $\> \verb|\infty| \>$\backslash $\> \verb|\backslash| \> $\spadesuit $\> \verb|\spadesuit| \\ $\mho $\> \verb|\mho| \>$\Box $\> \verb|\Box| \> $\Diamond $\> \verb|\Diamond| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Xuw{\i}sax x"amjigd"ax"u"uni\"i t"amdg"u"ud} \beginsymbols $\sum$ \> \verb|\sum| \>$\bigcap$ \> \verb|\bigcap| \> $\bigodot$ \> \verb|\bigodot| \\ $\prod$ \> \verb|\prod| \>$\bigcup$ \> \verb|\bigcup| \> $\bigotimes$ \> \verb|\bigotimes| \\ $\coprod$ \> \verb|\coprod| \>$\bigsqcup$ \> \verb|\bigsqcup| \> $\bigoplus$ \> \verb|\bigoplus| \\ $\int$ \> \verb|\int| \>$\bigvee$ \> \verb|\bigvee| \> $\biguplus$ \> \verb|\biguplus| \\ $\oint$ \> \verb|\oint| \>$\bigwedge$ \> \verb|\bigwedge| \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Xos operatoruud} \beginsymbols $+$ \> \verb|+| \>$-$ \> \verb|-| \\ $\pm $\> \verb|\pm| \>$\cap $\> \verb|\cap| \>$\vee $\> \verb|\vee| \\ $\mp $\> \verb|\mp| \>$\cup $\> \verb|\cup| \>$\wedge $\> \verb|\wedge| \\ $\setminus $\> \verb|\setminus| \>$\uplus $\> \verb|\uplus| \> $\oplus $\> \verb|\oplus| \\ $\cdot $\> \verb|\cdot| \>$\sqcap $\> \verb|\sqcap| \> $\ominus $\> \verb|\ominus| \\ $\times $\> \verb|\times| \>$\sqcup $\> \verb|\sqcup| \> $\otimes $\> \verb|\otimes| \\ $\ast $\> \verb|\ast| \>$\triangleleft $\> \verb|\triangleleft| \> $\oslash $\> \verb|\oslash| \\ $\star $\> \verb|\star| \>$\triangleright $\> \verb|\triangleright| \> $\odot $\> \verb|\odot| \\ $\diamond $\> \verb|\diamond| \>$\wr $\> \verb|\wr| \> $\dagger $\> \verb|\dagger| \\ $\circ $\> \verb|\circ| \>$\bigcirc $\> \verb|\bigcirc| \> $\ddagger $\> \verb|\ddagger| \\ $\bullet $\> \verb|\bullet| \>$\bigtriangleup $\> \verb|\bigtriangleup| \> $\amalg $\> \verb|\amalg| \\ $\div $\> \verb|\div| \>$\bigtriangledown $\> \verb|\bigtriangledown| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Xar{\i}caany operatoruud} \beginsymbols $< $\> \verb|<| \>$>$\> \verb|>| \>$=$\> \verb|=| \\ $\leq $\> \verb|\leq| \>$\geq $\> \verb|\geq| \>$\equiv $\> \verb|\equiv| \\ $\prec $\> \verb|\prec| \>$\succ $\> \verb|\succ| \>$\sim $\> \verb|\sim| \\ $\preceq $\> \verb|\preceq| \>$\succeq $\> \verb|\succeq| \> $\simeq $\> \verb|\simeq| \\ $\ll $\> \verb|\ll| \>$\gg $\> \verb|\gg| \>$\asymp $\> \verb|\asymp| \\ $\subset $\> \verb|\subset| \>$\supset $\> \verb|\supset| \> $\approx $\> \verb|\approx| \\ $\subseteq $\> \verb|\subseteq| \>$\supseteq $\> \verb|\supseteq| \> $\cong $\> \verb|\cong| \\ $\sqsubseteq $\> \verb|\sqsubseteq| \>$\sqsupseteq $\> \verb|\sqsupseteq| \> $\bowtie $\> \verb|\bowtie| \\ $\in $\> \verb|\in| \>$\ni $\> \verb|\ni| \>$\Join $\> \verb|\Join| \\ $\vdash $\> \verb|\vdash| \>$\dashv $\> \verb|\dashv| \> $\models $\> \verb|\models| \\ $\smile $\> \verb|\smile| \>$\mid $\> \verb|\mid| \> $\doteq $\> \verb|\doteq| \\ $\frown $\> \verb|\frown| \>$\parallel $\> \verb|\parallel| \> $\perp $\> \verb|\perp| \\ \>\>\>\>$\propto $\> \verb|\propto| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{"Ug"u\"isg"alt"a\"i xar{\i}caa} \beginsymbols $\not< $\> \verb|\not<| \>$\not> $\> \verb|\not>| \>$\not= $\> \verb|\not=| \\ $\not\leq $\> \verb|\not\leq| \>$\not\geq $\> \verb|\not\geq| \> $\not\equiv $\> \verb|\not\equiv| \\ $\not\prec $\> \verb|\not\prec| \>$\not\succ $\> \verb|\not\succ| \> $\not\sim $\> \verb|\not\sim| \\ $\not\preceq $\> \verb|\not\preceq| \>$\not\succeq $\> \verb|\not\succeq| \> $\not\simeq $\> \verb|\not\simeq| \\ $\not\subset $\> \verb|\not\subset| \>$\not\supset $\> \verb|\not\supset| \> $\not\approx $\> \verb|\not\approx| \\ $\not\subseteq $\> \verb|\not\subseteq| \>$\not\supseteq $\> \verb|\not\supseteq| \> $\not\cong $\> \verb|\not\cong| \\ $\not\sqsubseteq $\> \verb|\not\sqsubseteq| \>$\not\sqsupseteq $\> \verb|\not\sqsupseteq| \> $\not\asymp $\> \verb|\not\asymp| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Sum} \beginsymbols $\leftarrow $\> \verb|\leftarrow| \>$\longleftarrow $\> \verb|\longleftarrow| \> $\uparrow $\> \verb|\uparrow| \\ $\Leftarrow $\> \verb|\Leftarrow| \>$\Longleftarrow $\> \verb|\Longleftarrow| \> $\Uparrow $\> \verb|\Uparrow| \\ $\rightarrow $\> \verb|\rightarrow| \>$\longrightarrow $\> \verb|\longrightarrow| \> $\downarrow $\> \verb|\downarrow| \\ $\Rightarrow $\> \verb|\Rightarrow| \>$\Longrightarrow $\> \verb|\Longrightarrow| \> $\Downarrow $\> \verb|\Downarrow| \\ $\leftrightarrow $\> \verb|\leftrightarrow| \>$\longleftrightarrow $\> \verb|\longleft...| \> $\updownarrow $\> \verb|\updownarrow| \\ $\Leftrightarrow $\> \verb|\Leftrightarrow| \>$\Longleftrightarrow $\> \verb|\Longleft...| \> $\Updownarrow $\> \verb|\Updownarrow| \\ $\mapsto $\> \verb|\mapsto| \>$\longmapsto $\> \verb|\longmapsto| \> $\nearrow $\> \verb|\nearrow| \\ $\hookleftarrow $\> \verb|\hookleftarrow| \>$\hookrightarrow $\> \verb|\hookrightarrow| \> $\searrow $\> \verb|\searrow| \\ $\leftharpoonup $\> \verb|\leftharpoonup| \>$\rightharpoonup $\> \verb|\rightharpoonup| \> $\swarrow $\> \verb|\swarrow| \\ $\leftharpoondown $\> \verb|\leftharpoondown| \>$\rightharpoondown $\> \verb|\rightharpoondown| \> $\nwarrow $\> \verb|\nwarrow| \\ $\rightleftharpoons $\> \verb|\rightleftharpoons| \>\>\> $\leadsto $\> \verb|\leadsto| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Tusgaarlax xaalt} \beginsymbols $($ \> \verb|(| \>$[$ \> \verb|[| \> $\{$ \> \verb|\{| \\ $\lbrack $\> \verb|\lbrack| \>$\lfloor $\> \verb|\lfloor| \> $\lceil $\> \verb|\lceil| \\ $\lbrace $\> \verb|\lbrace| \>$\langle $\> \verb|\langle| \> \> \\ %\endsymbols %\end{table} %\begin{table}[hbp] % \caption{ Prawye skobki} %\beginsymbols $)$ \> \verb|)| \>$]$ \> \verb|]| \> $\}$ \> \verb|\}| \\ $\rbrack $\> \verb|\rbrack| \>$\rfloor $\> \verb|\rfloor| \> $\rceil $\> \verb|\rceil| \\ $\rbrace $\> \verb|\rbrace| \>$\rangle $\> \verb|\rangle| \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \begin{table}[hbp] \caption{Ijil utgat t"amd"ag} \bigskip %F"ur manche Symbole stehen mehrere verschiedene Befehle zur Verf"ugung. \beginsymbols \>\> $\ne $\> \verb|\ne| \"asw\"al \verb|\neq| \> \verb|\not=| \\ \>\> $\le $\> \verb|\le| \> \verb|\leq| \\ \>\> $\ge $\> \verb|\ge| \> \verb|\geq| \\ \>\> $\{ $\> \verb|\{| \> \verb|\lbrace| \\ \>\> $\} $\> \verb|\}| \> \verb|\rbrace| \\ \>\> $\to $\> \verb|\to| \> \verb|\rightarrow| \\ \>\> $\gets $\> \verb|\gets| \> \verb|\leftarrow| \\ \>\> $\owns $\> \verb|\owns| \> \verb|\ni| \\ \>\> $\land $\> \verb|\land| \> \verb|\wedge| \\ \>\> $\lor $\> \verb|\lor| \> \verb|\vee| \\ \>\> $\lnot $\> \verb|\lnot| \> \verb|\neg| \\ \>\> $\vert $\> \verb|\vert| \> \verb.|. \\ \>\> $\Vert $\> \verb|\Vert| \> \verb.\|. \\ \endsymbols \end{table} \clearpage \section{{\mnr Zarim oncloguud}} \LTX-i\"in oncloguudyn tuxa\"i d"alg"ar"ang"u\"i m"ad"a"al"al \manual-d bi\"i. "And z"owx"on zarim oncloguudyn tuxa\"i dur{\i}dsan bolno. \subsection{{\Sh}riftyn z"u\"il ba x"amj"a"a (\lat{Fonts})} Teksti\"in logik b"utci\"ig zaaj bu\"i komanduudyg "und"asl"an \LTX\ n\i\ toxirox shriftyn z"u\"il ba t"adg"a"ari\"in x"amj"a"ag songono. Oncgo\"i toxioldold shriftyn z"u\"il ba x"amj"a"ag x"usn"agt~\ref{fonts} ba~\ref{sizes}-d "og"ogds"on komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar "o"orqilj bolno. \T\exa {\small Small {\bf fat} romans take a possession}{\large under the great {\it Italy\/}.} \\[6pt] {\rm le $2^{\mbox{\scriptsize\`eme}}$ r\'egime} \exb \begin{verbatim} {\small Small {\bf fat} romans take a possession}{\large under the great {\it Italy\/}.} \\[6pt] {\rm le $2^{\mbox{\scriptsize\`eme}}$ r\'egime} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \begin{table}[bp] \caption{\Sh rift"u"ud} \label{fonts} \oben{10cm} \T \begin{tabbing} {\tt xboldmathxxlong}\= tekst \kill \verb|\|\ltt{textrm}\verb:{...}:\> \krm{shuluun shrift} (\lat{roman}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{textbf}\verb:{...}:\> \kbf{b"ud"u"un shrift} (\lat{boldface}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{textit}\verb:{...}:\> \kit{biqm"al shrift} (\lat{italic}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{textsl}\verb:{...}:\> \ksl{naluu shrift} (\lat{slanted)} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{textsf}\verb:{...}:\> \ksf{ogtolson shrift} (\lat{sans serif}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{textsc}\verb:{...}:\> \ksc{tom \"usgi\"in x\"alb\"art\"a\"i jijig shrift} (\lat{Small Caps}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{texttt}\verb:{...}:\> \ktt{biqgi\"in mashiny shrift} (\lat{typewriter}) \\ \verb|\|\ltt{boldmath} \> \krm{tom{\y}yoony b"ud"u"un shrift}\\ \end{tabbing} \LMC \unten \end{table} \begin{table} \caption{\Sh rifti\"in X"amj"a"a} \label{sizes} \oben{10cm} \T \begin{tabbing} {\tt xfootnotesizexx}\= und dann der tekst \kill \verb|\|\ltt{tiny} \> \tiny \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{scriptsize} \> \scriptsize \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{footnotesize} \> \footnotesize \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{small} \> \small \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{normalsize} \> \normalsize \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{large} \> \large \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{Large} \> \Large \lat{Gnu} \\ \verb|\|\ltt{LARGE} \> \LARGE \lat{Gnu} \\[3pt] \verb|\|\ltt{huge} \> \huge \lat{Gnu} \\[3pt] \verb|\|\ltt{Huge} \> \Huge \lat{Gnu} \LMC\end{tabbing} \unten \end{table} \ref{sizes}-r x"usn"agt"and bu\"i komanduud n\i\ \verb:\:\ltt{textrm} shriftyn x"amj"a"ag "o"orqiln"o. Tom, b"ud"u"un shriftyg \verb:\:\ltt{textbf} \verb:\:\ltt{large} komandaar bus xarin \T\verb:\large\textbf:\LMC\ komandaar xi\"in"a. Dur{\i}daxad olon yanzyn shriftyn z"u\"ili\"ig baga x"ar"agl"ax tusam x"awl"am"al teksti\"in "uz"amj ulam sa\"ijrax b"og"o"od unshixad xyalbar bolno. \subsection{Za\"i} \subsubsection{M"or xoorondyn za\"i} Tekst"and barimtyn angilald zaasnaas il"u"u x"amj"a"ani\"i m"or xoorondyn za\"i x"ar"agl"ax shaardlagata\"i bol \verb:\:\ltt{baselinestretch} komandyg n"ag"a"as d"a"ash x"amj"a"ani\"i "urjigqt"a\"i komand bolgon "o"orql"ox x"ar"agt"a\"i. \begin{quote} Xagas m"orti\"in za\"i awaxad:\\* \T\verb:\renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.3}:\LMC Xoyor m"orti\"in za\"i awaxad:\\* \T\verb:\renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.6}:\LMC \end{quote} \subsubsection{X"awt"a"a Za\"i} "Ug, "og"u"ulb"ari\"in xoorondox za\"ig \LTX\ awtomataar toxiruulna. X"awt"a"a za\"ig \begin{verse} \verb:\:\ltt{hspace}\verb:{:\lit{length}\verb:}: \end{verse} komandaar toxiruulj bolox yum. \ref{units}-r x"usn"agt"and urtyn x"amj"a"ag todorxo\"ilson ba\"ina. \exa\T { Here\hspace{1.5cm}is 1.5~cm space.} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} Here\hspace{1.5cm}is 1.5~cm space. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \begin{table} \caption{Urtyg x"amjix n"agj} \label{units} \oben{11cm} \begin{tabbing} \ltt{mm}\qquad \= Millimetr \\ \ltt{cm} \> Santimetr $=$ 10~{ mm} \\ \ltt{in} \> Dyu\"im $\approx$ 25~{ mm} \\ \ltt{pt} \> Punkt $\approx \frac{1}{72}$~{ in} $\approx \frac{1}{3}$~{ mm} \\ \ltt{em} \> Tuxa\"in shriftyn tom <> "usgi\"in "org"on"o"os ara\"i baga za\"i \\ \ltt{ex} \> Tuxa\"in shriftyn jijig <> "usgi\"in "ond"ort"a\"i t"anc"ax za\"i \end{tabbing} \unten \end{table} %\pagebreak[2] %<------------------ \ref{hspace}-r x"usn"agt"a"as x"awt"a"a za\"i gargax zarim komanduudyg "uz"aj bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{hfill} komandyg bolomjit b"ux za\"ig "azl"ax"ad x"ar"agl"an"a. \verb:\,: ba \verb:\:\ltt{hfill} komanduudyg x"ar"agl"ax jish"a"a: \begin{table} \caption{X"awt"a"a Za\"i} \label{hspace} \oben{13cm} \begin{tabbing} {\tt xenspace}\qquad \= \kill \verb|\,| \> nari\"in za\"i \\ \verb|\|\ltt{enspace} \>toony "org"oni\"i x"amj"a"a \\ \verb|\|\ltt{quad} \> "usgi\"in "ond"ort"a\"i t"anc"ax x"amj"a"a\\ \verb|\|\ltt{qquad} \> \verb|\|\ltt{quad}-aas xoyor daxin urt x"amj"a"a \\ \verb|\|\ltt{hfill} \> $0$-oos $\infty$ x"urt"al za\"i. \end{tabbing} \unten \end{table} \exa\T { ``\,`Fi' or `fum?'\,'' he asked.} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} ``\,`Fi' or `fum?'\,'' he asked. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \exa\T { Here is a \hfill stretched space.\\ Here are \hfill two \hfill equal ones.} \exb\T \begin{verbatim} Here is a \hfill stretched space.\\ Here are \hfill two \hfill equal ones. \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \subsubsection{Bosoo za\"i} B"ul"ag, m"ori\"in xoorondox za\"ig \LTX\ programm awtomataar toxiruulna. Oncgo\"i toxioldold n"am"alt za\"ig \begin{verse} \verb:\:\ltt{vspace}\verb:{:\lit{length}\verb:}: \end{verse} komandaar todorxo\"ilj bolno. \lit{length} parametr n\i\ bosoo za\"in x"amj"a"ag todorxo\"ilno. X"ar"aw bosoo za\"ig xuudasny "ax"an buyuu "ac"ast oruulax shaardlagata\"i bol \verb:\:\ltt{vspace} komandyn orond \verb:\:\ltt{vspace*} komandyg x"ar"agl"an"a. Bosoo za\"ig todorxo\"ilox zarim komanduudyg x"usn"agt~\ref{vspace}-"a"as "uz"aj bolno. \begin{table} \caption{Bosoo Za\"i} \label{vspace} \oben{13cm} \begin{tabbing} {\tt xsmallskip}\qquad \= \kill \verb|\|\ltt{smallskip} \> m"orni\"i $\frac{1}{4}$ t"anc"ax za\"i \\ \verb|\|\ltt{medskip} \> m"orni\"i $\frac{1}{2}$ t"anc"ax za\"i \\ \verb|\|\ltt{bigskip} \> $1$ m"orni\"i urtta\"i t"anc"ax za\"i \\ \verb|\|\ltt{vfill} \> $0$-oos $\infty$ x"urt"al za\"i. \end{tabbing} \unten \end{table} \verb:\:\ltt{pagebreak[4]}-ta\"i xosolson \verb:\:\ltt{vfill} komand teksti\"ig xuudasny dood tald ba\"irluulax buyuu t"u"uni\"ig t"owd ba\"irluulna. Dogol m"or buyuu x"usn"agti\"in dotor xoyor m"orni\"i xoorondox n"am"alt za\"ig \begin{verse} \verb:\\[:\lit{length}\verb:]: \end{verse} komandaar "ogn"o. \subsection{Xuudas x"amj"a"asl"ax}\label{form} X"ar"aw \LTX-programmaar awtomat xi\"igd"aj bu\"i xuudasny x"amj"a"a tany sonirxold ni\"ic"axg"u\"i ba\"iwal \T\begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} \addtolength{\topmargin}{-...} \addtolength{\textheight}{...} \end{verbatim} \end{quote}\LMC todorxo\"ilogq komanduudyn tuslamjta\"igaar xuudasny d"a"ad ba dood zaxyg "o"orqilj xuudsand onogdox m"ori\"in toog ix"asg"aj bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{textheight} ba \verb:\:\ltt{textwidth} komanduud xuudas dax\i\ teksti\"in "ond"or ba "org"oni\"i x"amj"a"ag todorxo\"ilox b"og"o"od \verb:\:\ltt{baselineskip} komand n\i\ z"ar"agc"a"a m"or"u"udi\"in suur\i\ shugamyn xoorondox za\"ig "o"orqiln"o. "Unds"an x"amj"a"an"u"ud: \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|r|} \hline { \Sh riftyn "ond"or} & 10\ltt{pt} & 11\ltt{pt} & 12\ltt{pt} \\ \ltt{baselineskip} & 12\ltt{pt} & 13.6\ltt{pt} & 15\ltt{pt} \\ \hline $\Delta$\ltt{topmargin} & $-30$\ltt{pt} & $-34$\ltt{pt} & $-30$\ltt{pt} \\ $\Delta$\ltt{textheight} & 60\ltt{pt} & 68\ltt{pt} & 60\ltt{pt} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \subsection{Zaxia (\lat{letter})} \ltt{letter} barimtyn angilal x"ar"agl"ax "ued \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{document}\verb:}: ba \verb:\:\ltt{end}\verb:{:\ltt{document}\verb:}: komanduudyn xoorond ganc buyuu x"ad x"ad"an zaxia oruulj bolno. \verb:\:\ltt{signature} ba \verb:\:\ltt{address} komandaar yawuulagq "atg"a"adi\"in n"ar ba xayagi\"ig ba\"irluulna. \verb:\:\ltt{begin}\verb:{:\ltt{letter}\verb:}{...}: komand n\i\ parametryn x"alb"ar"a"ar "og"ogds"on n"ar ba xayagaar zaxiag "axl"u"ul"ax yum. \verb:\:\ltt{opening}\verb:{...}: ba \verb:\:\ltt{closing}\verb:{...}: komanduud xandsan "ug ba \verb:\:\ltt{signature} komandaar "og"ogds"on t"ogsg"oli\"in m"andqilg"a"ag ba\"iguulna. \T\verb:\end{letter}:\LMC komand zaxiany teksti\"ig duusgana. X"ar"aw \T\verb:\begin{document}:\LMC komandyn "omn"o \verb:\:\ltt{makelabels} komandyg x"ar"agl"aw"al dugtu\"iny naalt x"awl"agd"an"a. \ref{brief}-r zurgaas n"ag"an zaxiany jish"a"ag "uz"aj bolno. \begin{figure}[hbp] \oben{11cm}\T \begin{verbatim} \documentclass[11pt]{letter} \begin{document} \address{Renat Zagretdinov \\ Dept. of Astronomy, \\ Kazan University \\ Lenina st.18, KAZAN 420008 \\ Russia (Tatarstan). \\ E-mail: rz@astro.kazan.su} \signature{Renat Zagretdinov} \begin{letter}{Othon Winter\\ School of Mathematical Sciences \\ Queen Mary and Westfield College\\ Mile End Road, London E1 4NS \\ United Kingdom} \opening{Dear Othon Winter,} I acknowledge receipt your letter of ... ... I hope to meet you again soon. \closing{Yours sincerely,} \end{letter} \end{document} \end{verbatim}\LMC \unten \caption{R.\,Z.-aas O.\,W. ruu biqs"an zaxia} \label{brief} \end{figure} \subsection{Zoxiolyn ishl"al} \ltt{thebibliography} orqing x"ar"agl"an zoxiolyn jagsaaltyg gargaj bolox yum. "U"und zoxilyn "ax biqig bolgon \verb:\:\ltt{bibtem}-"a"as "axl"an"a. Yamar n"ag"an n"ari\"ig t"amd"ag bolgon ashiglaj \verb:\:\ltt{cite} komandyg x"ar"agl"asn"a"ar zoxix "ax zoxiolyn ishl"ali\"ig xi\"ix b"og"o"od awtomataar dugaarlana. \T\exa { Partl~\cite{pa} has used \dots} \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{pa} { H.~Partl: {\it German \TeX,} TUGboat Vol.~9, No.~1 (1988)} \end{thebibliography} \exb \begin{verbatim} Partl~\cite{pa} has used \dots \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{pa} H.~Partl: {\it German \TeX,} TUGboat Vol.~9, No.~1 (1988) \end{thebibliography} \end{verbatim} \exc\LMC \clearpage \SetDocumentEncodingNeutral \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{manual} L.~Lamport: \textit{\LaTeX, A Document Preparation System, User's Guide and Reference Manual}, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company (1986), ISBN~0-201-15790-X. \bibitem{texbook} D.~E.~Knuth: \textit{The \TeX{}book}, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company (1984), ISBN~0-201-13448-9. \bibitem{germtug} H.~Partl: \textit{German \TeX}, TUGboat Vol.~9, No.~1 (1988) \bibitem{dobb} M.~Dobb: \textit{\TeX\/ and the Single CPU,~II}, Notices of the Amer. 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G.R.~Gromowa, InfoArt (1991). \bibitem{prot} N.~L.~Glonti, I.~A.~Gricaenko, S.~W.~Klimenko, W.~K.~Maly\sh ew, A.~W.~Samarin: {\it Mnogoyazyqny\"i \LTX\/}, Protwino, RDTeX (1993). \bibitem{mon} I.~A.~Gricaenko, S.~W.~Klimenko: {\it \TeX\/ --- komp{\i}yuternaya sistema podgotowki nauqnyx publikaci\"i\/}, Monitor-Aspekt, 1 (1993). \bibitem{petro} G.~M.~Petrowa, I.~M.~Rudenko: {\it \TeX{} dlya naqinayu\sc ix\/}. Preprint No. 511, IPM RAN, M., (1992). \bibitem{jurow} A.~I.~Jurow, I.~I.Karpow: {\it Osnowy \TeX'a\/}. Preprint No. 518, IPM RAN, M., (1992). \end{thebibliography} \end{document}